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Investigating the time evolution of complexity in quantum systems entails evaluating the spreading of the system's state across a defined basis in its corresponding Hilbert space. Recently, the Krylov basis has been identified as the one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-13 Pedro H. S. Bento , Adolfo del Campo , Lucas C. Céleri

We analyze the properties of Krylov state complexity in qubit dynamics, considering a single qubit and a qubit pair. A geometrical picture of the Krylov complexity is discussed for the single-qubit case, whereas it becomes non-trivial for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-18 Siddharth Seetharaman , Chetanya Singh , Rejish Nath

Krylov complexity has emerged as a new probe of operator growth in a wide range of non-equilibrium quantum dynamics. However, a fundamental issue remains in such studies: the definition of the distance between basis states in Krylov space…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-14 Chenwei Lv , Ren Zhang , Qi Zhou

The concept of \emph{complexity} has become pivotal in multiple disciplines, including quantum information, where it serves as an alternative metric for gauging the chaotic evolution of a quantum state. This paper focuses on \emph{Krylov…

We introduce and review a new complexity measure, called `Krylov complexity', which takes its origins in the field of quantum-chaotic dynamics, serving as a canonical measure of operator growth and spreading. Krylov complexity, underpinned…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-10 Eliezer Rabinovici , Adrián Sánchez-Garrido , Ruth Shir , Julian Sonner

We study the complexity of both time-optimal and time sub-optimal quantum Hamiltonian evolutions connecting arbitrary source and a target states on the Bloch sphere equipped with the Fubini-Study metric. This investigation is performed in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-28 Carlo Cafaro , Leonardo Rossetti , Paul M. Alsing

The spreading of quantum states in Krylov space under unitary dynamics provides a natural framework for characterizing quantum complexity. Quantifiers of this spreading, such as the spread complexity and the inverse participation ratio,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 Swati Choudhary , Sukrut Mondkar , Ujjwal Sen

Krylov complexity and Nielsen complexity are successful approaches to quantifying quantum evolution complexity that have been actively pursued without much contact between the two lines of research. The two quantities are motivated by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-19 Ben Craps , Oleg Evnin , Gabriele Pascuzzi

It is known that mixed quantum states are highly entropic states of imperfect knowledge (i.e., incomplete information) about a quantum system, while pure quantum states are states of perfect knowledge (i.e., complete information) with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-23 Carlo Cafaro , Paul M. Alsing

We extend the concept of Krylov complexity to include general unitary evolutions involving multiple generators. This generalization enables us to formulate a framework for generalized Krylov complexity, which serves as a measure of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-14 Amin Faraji Astaneh , Niloofar Vardian

Krylov complexity, a quantum complexity measure which uniquely characterizes the spread of a quantum state or an operator, has recently been studied in the context of quantum chaos. However, the definitiveness of this measure as a chaos…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-12 Sreeram PG , J. Bharathi Kannan , Ranjan Modak , S. Aravinda

Krylov complexity is a measure of operator growth in quantum systems, based on the number of orthogonal basis vectors needed to approximate the time evolution of an operator. In this paper, we study the Krylov complexity of a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-27 Cameron Beetar , Nitin Gupta , S. Shajidul Haque , Jeff Murugan , Hendrik J R Van Zyl

In quantum many-body systems, time-evolved states typically remain confined to a smaller region of the Hilbert space known as the $\textit{Krylov subspace}$. The time evolution can be mapped onto a one-dimensional problem of a particle…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-09-01 Hugo A. Camargo , Yichao Fu , Viktor Jahnke , Keun-Young Kim , Kuntal Pal

We develop a geometric approach to operator growth and Krylov complexity in many-body quantum systems governed by symmetries. We start by showing a direct link between a unitary evolution with the Liouvillian and the displacement operator…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-10-05 Pawel Caputa , Javier M. Magan , Dimitrios Patramanis

We investigate the Krylov complexity of thermofield double states in systems with mixed phase space, uncovering a direct correlation with the Brody distribution, which interpolates between Poisson and Wigner statistics. Our analysis spans…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-06-19 Kyoung-Bum Huh , Hyun-Sik Jeong , Leopoldo A. Pando Zayas , Juan F. Pedraza

Krylov complexity is a novel measure of operator complexity that exhibits universal behavior and bounds a large class of other measures. In this letter, we generalize Krylov complexity from a closed system to an open system coupled to a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-08-11 Chang Liu , Haifeng Tang , Hui Zhai

The dynamics of quantum systems unfolds within a subspace of the state space or operator space, known as the Krylov space. This review presents the use of Krylov subspace methods to provide an efficient description of quantum evolution and…

Quantum complexity, suitably defined, has been suggested as an important probe of late-time dynamics of black holes, particularly in the context of AdS/CFT. A notion of quantum complexity can be effectively captured by quantifying the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-04-20 E. Rabinovici , A. Sánchez-Garrido , R. Shir , J. Sonner

We enhance our quantitative comprehension of the complexity associated with both time-optimal and time sub-optimal quantum Hamiltonian evolutions that connect arbitrary source and target states on the Bloch sphere, as recently presented in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-02 Carlo Cafaro , Emma Clements , Abeer Alanazi

We propose a measure of quantum state complexity defined by minimizing the spread of the wave-function over all choices of basis. Our measure is controlled by the "survival amplitude" for a state to remain unchanged, and can be efficiently…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-09-14 Vijay Balasubramanian , Pawel Caputa , Javier Magan , Qingyue Wu
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