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A plasma impedance probe (PIP) is a type of in-situ, radio-frequency (RF) probe that is traditionally used to measure plasma properties (e.g. density) in low-density environments such as the Earth's ionosphere. We believe that PIPs are…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-02-19 John W. Brooks , Matthew C. Paliwoda

The C statistic is a widely used likelihood-ratio statistic for model fitting and goodness-of-fit assessments with Poisson data in high-energy physics and astrophysics. Although it enjoys convenient asymptotic properties, the statistic is…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-07 Xiaoli Li , Yang Chen , Xiao-Li Meng , David van Dyk , Massimiliano Bonamente , Vinay Kashyap

We investigate the errors in modeling the redshift-space distortion (RSD) effect at large linear scales, using data from the Millennium simulation. While standard theoretical templates, such as the Kaiser formula and the TNS method, could…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-29 Hongxiang Chen , Jie Wang , Baojiu Li

The use of deep learning for medical imaging has seen tremendous growth in the research community. One reason for the slow uptake of these systems in the clinical setting is that they are complex, opaque and tend to fail silently. Outside…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Terrance DeVries , Graham W. Taylor

Calibrated probability outputs of trained classifiers are increasingly used as inputs to downstream regression estimands such as effects, prevalences, or disparities for a latent group observed only on a small labelled subset. A standard…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-14 Marcell T. Kurbucz

The spectrum of cosmic-ray electrons depends sensitively on the history and spatial distribution of nearby sources. Given our limited observational handle on cosmic-ray sources, any model remains necessarily probabilistic. Previously,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-08 Nikolas Frediani , Michael Krämer , Philipp Mertsch , Kathrin Nippel

Linear covariance (LinCov) techniques have gained widespread traction in the modeling of uncertainty, including in the preliminary study of spacecraft navigation performance. While LinCov methods offer improved computational efficiency…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-30 Jackson Kulik , Braden Hastings , Keith A. LeGrand

Dose volume histograms are a useful tool in state-of-the-art radiotherapy planning, and it is essential to be aware of their limitations. Dose distributions computed by treatment planning systems are affected by several sources of…

Medical Physics · Physics 2007-06-13 Francisco Cutanda-Henriquez , Silvia Vargas-Castrillon

We present an efficient approach to quantify the uncertainties associated with the numerical simulations of the laser-based powder bed fusion of metals processes. Our study focuses on a thermomechanical model of an Inconel 625 cantilever…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Mihaela Chiappetta , Chiara Piazzola , Lorenzo Tamellini , Alessandro Reali , Ferdinando Auricchio , Massimo Carraturo

Unexpected structure in images of astronomical sources often presents itself upon visual inspection of the image, but such apparent structure may either correspond to true features in the source or be due to noise in the data. This paper…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-19 Nathan M. Stein , David A. van Dyk , Vinay L. Kashyap , Aneta Siemiginowska

Our interest has been to study the effect that scattered radiation has on contrast, signal-to-noise ratio and thickness reconstruction in digital mammographies. Using the GEANT code we have performed Monte-Carlo simulations of 25 kVp Mo/Mo…

Medical Physics · Physics 2009-09-29 Varlen Grabski , Maria-Ester Brandan

This paper is concerned with estimating the column space of an unknown low-rank matrix $\boldsymbol{A}^{\star}\in\mathbb{R}^{d_{1}\times d_{2}}$, given noisy and partial observations of its entries. There is no shortage of scenarios where…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-09-13 Changxiao Cai , Gen Li , Yuejie Chi , H. Vincent Poor , Yuxin Chen

Parameters in climate models are usually calibrated manually, exploiting only small subsets of the available data. This precludes both optimal calibration and quantification of uncertainties. Traditional Bayesian calibration methods that…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-10-04 Oliver R. A. Dunbar , Alfredo Garbuno-Inigo , Tapio Schneider , Andrew M. Stuart

The covariance matrix of the matter and halo power spectrum and bispectrum are studied. Using a large suite of simulations, we find that the non-Gaussianity in the covariance is significant already at mildly nonlinear scales. We compute the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-26 Kwan Chuen Chan , Linda Blot

Since the invention of generalized polynomial chaos in 2002, uncertainty quantification has impacted many engineering fields, including variation-aware design automation of integrated circuits and integrated photonics. Due to the fast…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2018-07-06 Chunfeng Cui , Zheng Zhang

In the coming decade, low-frequency radio arrays will begin to probe the epoch of reionization via the redshifted 21-cm hydrogen line. Successful interpretation of these observations will require effective statistical techniques for…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Vera Gluscevic , Rennan Barkana

A Python program has been developed which fits a published detector-response model to SiPM charge spectra to characterise SiPMs. Spectra for SiPMs illuminated by low intensity pulsed light with Poisson-distributed number of photons and a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-01-30 Jack Rolph , Erika Garutti , Robert Klanner , Tobias Quadfasel , Joern Schwandt

Prediction sets capture uncertainty by predicting sets of labels rather than individual labels, enabling downstream decisions to conservatively account for all plausible outcomes. Conformal inference algorithms construct prediction sets…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-20 Wenwen Si , Sangdon Park , Insup Lee , Edgar Dobriban , Osbert Bastani

The purpose of this HST white paper is to demonstrate that it is possible to monitor Jupiter's polar haze with HST/STIS without breaking the ground screening limit for bright objects. This demonstration rests on a thorough simulation of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-07 Denis Grodent , Bertrand Bonfond , Jonathan Nichols

In this note we present studies of coverage and power for confidence intervals for a Poisson process with known background calculated using the Likelihood ratio (aka Feldman & Cousins) ordering with Bayesian treatment of uncertainties in…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2017-08-23 Jan Conrad , Fredrik Tegenfeldt