Related papers: Operationally induced preferred basis in unitary q…
Data integration approaches are increasingly used to enhance the efficiency and generalizability of studies. However, a key limitation of these methods is the assumption that outcome measures are identical across datasets -- an assumption…
We study the problem of off-policy evaluation (OPE) for episodic Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) with continuous states. Motivated by the recently proposed proximal causal inference framework, we develop a…
Bootstrap resampling is the foundation of many ensemble learning methods, and out-of-bag (OOB) error estimation is the most widely used internal measure of generalization performance. In the standard multinomial bootstrap, the number of…
We present a new experimental approach using a three-path interferometer and find a tighter empirical upper bound on possible violations of Born's Rule. A deviation from Born's rule would result in multi-order interference. Among the…
Variational Bayes (VB) inference algorithm is used widely to estimate both the parameters and the unobserved hidden variables in generative statistical models. The algorithm -- inspired by variational methods used in computational physics…
We consider the utilization of a computational model to guide the optimal acquisition of experimental data to inform the stochastic description of model input parameters. Our formulation is based on the recently developed consistent…
Quantum measurements can be described by operators that assign conditional probabilities to different outcomes while also describing unavoidable physical changes to the system. Here, we point out that operators describing information gain…
For a quantum measurement process described by a quantum instrument $\mathcal{I}$ and a system observable corresponding to a positive-operator valued measure (POVM) $E ,$ $\mathcal{I}$ is said to conserve the information of $E$ if the joint…
An orthogonal product basis (OPB) of a finite-dimensional Hilbert space $H=H_1\otimes H_2\otimes\cdots\otimes H_n$ is an orthonormal basis of $H$ consisting of product vectors $x_1\otimes x_2\otimes\cdots\otimes x_n$. We show that the…
We consider off-policy evaluation (OPE) in Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs), where the evaluation policy depends only on observable variables and the behavior policy depends on unobservable latent variables. Existing…
This is a review of the issue of randomness in quantum mechanics, with special emphasis on its ambiguity; for example, randomness has different antipodal relationships to determinism, computability, and compressibility. Following a…
For a variety of superconducting qubits, tunable interactions are achieved through mutual inductive coupling to a coupler circuit containing a nonlinear Josephson element. In this paper we derive the general interaction mediated by such a…
The notion of probability plays a crucial role in quantum mechanics. It appears in quantum mechanics as the Born rule. In modern mathematics which describes quantum mechanics, however, probability theory means nothing other than measure…
The quantum measurement problem, the unresolved conflict between the unitary evolution of the wave function and the postulate of wave function collapse, remains the most profound conceptual challenge in quantum foundations. While…
Off-policy evaluation (OPE) is widely applied in sectors such as pharmaceuticals and e-commerce to evaluate the efficacy of novel products or policies from offline datasets. This paper introduces a causal deepset framework that relaxes…
Outlying observations are frequently encountered across a wide spectrum of scientific domains, posing notable challenges to the generalizability of statistical models and the reproducibility of downstream analysis. They are identified…
The measurement of a spin-$\half$ is modeled by coupling it to an apparatus, that consists of an Ising magnetic dot coupled to a phonon bath. Features of quantum measurements are derived from the dynamical solution of the measurement,…
QBism has long recognized quantum states, POVM elements, Kraus operators, and even unitary operations to be cut from the same cloth: They express aspects of an agent's belief system concerning the consequences (for her) of actions she might…
The recently developed framework for quantum theory with no global causal order allows for quantum processes in which operations in local laboratories are neither causally ordered nor in a probabilistic mixture of definite causal orders.…
Modal interpretations constitute a particular approach to associating dynamical variables with physical systems in quantum mechanics. Given the `quantum logical' constraints that are typically adopted by such interpretations, only certain…