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This study addresses construction site hazard identification by proposing a retrieval-augmented framework that enhances large language models (LLMs) without requiring fine-tuning. Current LLM-based approaches face limitations: image-text…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jiawei Li , Chengye Yang , Yaochen Zhang , Weilin Sun , Lei Meng , Xiangxu Meng

Software vulnerability detection (SVD) is a critical challenge in modern systems. Large language models (LLMs) offer natural-language explanations alongside predictions, but most work focuses on binary evaluation, and explanations often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Samal Mukhtar , Yinghua Yao , Zhu Sun , Mustafa Mustafa , Yew Soon Ong , Youcheng Sun

Recent advancements in generative AI have led to the widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) in software engineering, addressing numerous long-standing challenges. However, a comprehensive study examining the capabilities of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Ting Zhang , Chengran Yang , Yindu Su , Martin Weyssow , Hung Nguyen , Tan Bui , Hong Jin Kang , Yikun Li , Eng Lieh Ouh , Lwin Khin Shar , David Lo

Large language models (LLMs) have recently achieved significant success across various application domains, garnering substantial attention from different communities. Unfortunately, even for the best LLM, many \textit{faults} still exist…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Qiang Hu , Jin Wen , Maxime Cordy , Yuheng Huang , Wei Ma , Xiaofei Xie , Lei Ma

We introduce self-invoking code generation, a new task designed to evaluate the progressive reasoning and problem-solving capabilities of LLMs. In this task, models are presented with a base problem and a related, more complex problem. They…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Zhaojian Yu , Yilun Zhao , Arman Cohan , Xiao-Ping Zhang

Vulnerability detection is a critical aspect of software security. Accurate detection is essential to prevent potential security breaches and protect software systems from malicious attacks. Recently, vulnerability detection methods…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Yixin Yang , Bowen Xu , Xiang Gao , Hailong Sun

Inspired by text prompts in large language models, visual prompts have been explored to enhance the perceptual capabilities of large vision-language models (LVLMs). However, performance tends to saturate under single visual prompt designs,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yuan Zhang , Chun-Kai Fan , Sicheng Yu , Junwen Pan , Tao Huang , Ming Lu , Kuan Cheng , Qi She , Shanghang Zhang

The advances of deep learning (DL) have paved the way for automatic software vulnerability repair approaches, which effectively learn the mapping from the vulnerable code to the fixed code. Nevertheless, existing DL-based vulnerability…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Xin Zhou , Kisub Kim , Bowen Xu , DongGyun Han , David Lo

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents are an emerging computing paradigm that blends generative machine learning with tools such as code interpreters, web browsing, email, and more generally, external resources. These agent-based systems…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Xiaohan Fu , Shuheng Li , Zihan Wang , Yihao Liu , Rajesh K. Gupta , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Earlence Fernandes

The performance of large language models (LLMs) depends on how they are prompted, with choices spanning both the high-level prompting pattern (e.g., Zero-Shot, CoT, ReAct, ReWOO) and the specific prompt content (instructions and few-shot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Claudio Spiess , Mandana Vaziri , Louis Mandel , Martin Hirzel

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in comprehending and generating natural language, with a growing prevalence in the domain of recommendation systems. However, LLMs still face a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Xinyu Li , Chuang Zhao , Hongke Zhao , Likang Wu , Ming HE

Accurate and early diagnosis of malignant melanoma is critical for improving patient outcomes. While convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown promise in dermoscopic image analysis, they often neglect clinical metadata and require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Jihyun Moon , Charmgil Hong

The increasing prevalence of software vulnerabilities highlights the need for effective Automatic Vulnerability Repair (AVR) tools. While LLM-based approaches are promising, they struggle to incorporate structured security knowledge from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Jia Li , Zhuangbin Chen , Yuxin Su , Michael R. Lyu

Large language models (LLMs) still struggle with the rigorous reasoning demands of hard competitive programming. While recent multi-agent frameworks attempt to bridge this reliability gap, they remain fundamentally stateless: they rely on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Han Li , Jinyu Tian , Rili Feng , Yuqiao Du , Chong Zheng , Chenyu Wang , Chenchen Liu , Shihao Li , Xinping Lei , Yifan Yao , Weihao Xie , Letian Zhu , Jiaheng Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate code but often introduce security vulnerabilities, logical inconsistencies, and compilation errors. Prior work demonstrates that LLMs benefit substantially from structured feedback, static analysis,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Vidyut Sriram , Sawan Pandita , Achintya Lakshmanan , Aneesh Shamraj , Suman Saha

Large Language Models (LLMs) are emerging as transformative tools for software vulnerability detection, addressing critical challenges in the security domain. Traditional methods, such as static and dynamic analysis, often falter due to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Ze Sheng , Zhicheng Chen , Shuning Gu , Heqing Huang , Guofei Gu , Jeff Huang

Software vulnerabilities remain a critical security challenge, providing entry points for attackers into enterprise networks. Despite advances in security practices, the lack of high-quality datasets capturing diverse exploit behavior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Alireza Lotfi , Charalampos Katsis , Elisa Bertino

Large Language Models have seen rapid progress in capability in recent years; this progress has been accelerating and their capabilities, measured by various benchmarks, are beginning to approach those of humans. There is a strong demand to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Brett Israelsen , Soumalya Sarkar

This paper proposes a pipeline for quantitatively evaluating interactive Large Language Models (LLMs) using publicly available datasets. We carry out an extensive technical evaluation of LLMs using Big-Vul covering four different common…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Xin Yin , Chao Ni , Shaohua Wang

Deep Learning (DL) has emerged as a powerful tool for vulnerability detection, often outperforming traditional solutions. However, developing effective DL models requires large amounts of real-world data, which can be difficult to obtain in…

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