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Traffic flow prediction (TFP) is a fundamental problem of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), as it models the latent spatial-temporal dependency of traffic flow for potential congestion prediction. Recent graph-based models with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Ying Yang , Kai Du , Xingyuan Dai , Jianwu Fang

Counterfactual explanations (CFEs) are essential for interpreting black-box models, yet they often become invalid when models are slightly changed. Existing methods for generating robust CFEs are often limited to specific types of models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Marcin Kostrzewa , Maciej Zięba , Jerzy Stefanowski

There is a broad consensus on the importance of deep learning models in tasks involving complex data. Often, an adequate understanding of these models is required when focusing on the transparency of decisions in human-critical…

Counterfactual explanations are viewed as an effective way to explain machine learning predictions. This interest is reflected by a relatively young literature with already dozens of algorithms aiming to generate such explanations. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Raphael Mazzine , David Martens

We present a general framework for evaluating image counterfactuals. The power and flexibility of deep generative models make them valuable tools for learning mechanisms in structural causal models. However, their flexibility makes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Miguel Monteiro , Fabio De Sousa Ribeiro , Nick Pawlowski , Daniel C. Castro , Ben Glocker

There is a growing concern that the recent progress made in AI, especially regarding the predictive competence of deep learning models, will be undermined by a failure to properly explain their operation and outputs. In response to this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Eoin M. Kenny , Mark T. Keane

We propose a geometric latent-subspace framework for generative modeling of discrete data. Specifically, we introduce latent subspaces in the exponential parameter space of product manifolds of categorical distributions as a novel method…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-08 Daniel Gonzalez-Alvarado , Jonas Cassel , Stefania Petra , Christoph Schnörr

In recent years, various machine and deep learning architectures have been successfully introduced to the field of predictive process analytics. Nevertheless, the inherent opacity of these algorithms poses a significant challenge for human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Alexander Stevens , Chun Ouyang , Johannes De Smedt , Catarina Moreira

We introduce a perturbed preconditioned gradient descent (PPGD) method for the unconstrained minimization of a strongly convex objective $G$ with a locally Lipschitz continuous gradient. We assume that $G(v)=E(v)+F(v)$ and that the gradient…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Jea-Hyun Park , Abner J. Salgado , Steven M. Wise

We develop a new method for visualizing and refining the invariances of learned representations. Specifically, we test for a general form of invariance, linearization, in which the action of a transformation is confined to a low-dimensional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Olivier J. Hénaff , Eero P. Simoncelli

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have emerged as a powerful unsupervised method to model the statistical patterns of real-world data sets, such as natural images. These networks are trained to map random inputs in their latent space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Binxu Wang , Carlos R. Ponce

Counterfactual examples have emerged as an effective approach to produce simple and understandable post-hoc explanations. In the context of graph classification, previous work has focused on generating counterfactual explanations by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Carlo Abrate , Giulia Preti , Francesco Bonchi

Computed tomography is a method for synthesizing volumetric or cross-sectional images of an object from a collection of projections. Popular reconstruction methods for computed tomography are based on idealized models and assumptions that…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-03 Frederik H. Pedersen , Jakob S. Jørgensen , Martin S. Andersen

The real world naturally has dimensions of time and space. Therefore, estimating the counterfactual outcomes with spatial-temporal attributes is a crucial problem. However, previous methods are based on classical statistical models, which…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-27 He Li , Haoang Chi , Mingyu Liu , Wanrong Huang , Liyang Xu , Wenjing Yang

Reliable robot perception requires not only predicting scene structure, but also identifying where predictions should be treated as unreliable due to sparse or missing observations. We present ContraMap, a contrastive continuous mapping…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Chi Cuong Le , Weiming Zhi

Reliable and stable 6D pose estimation of uncooperative space objects plays an essential role in on-orbit servicing and debris removal missions. Considering that the pose estimator is sensitive to background interference, this paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Shunli Wang , Shuaibing Wang , Bo Jiao , Dingkang Yang , Liuzhen Su , Peng Zhai , Chixiao Chen , Lihua Zhang

We pilot a family of stable contrastive losses for learning pixel-level representations that jointly capture semantic and geometric information. Our approach maps each pixel of an image to an overcomplete descriptor that is both…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Leonid Pogorelyuk , Niels Bracher , Aaron Verkleeren , Lars Kühmichel , Stefan T. Radev

Among recent developments in time series forecasting methods, deep forecasting models have gained popularity as they can utilize hidden feature patterns in time series to improve forecasting performance. Nevertheless, the majority of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Zhendong Wang , Ioanna Miliou , Isak Samsten , Panagiotis Papapetrou

Counterfactual estimation using synthetic controls is one of the most successful recent methodological developments in causal inference. Despite its popularity, the current description only considers time series aligned across units and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-03 Alexis Bellot , Mihaela van der Schaar

The projected gradient descent (PGD) method has shown to be effective in recovering compressed signals described in a data-driven way by a generative model, i.e., a generator which has learned the data distribution. Further reconstruction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Muhammad Fadli Damara , Gregor Kornhardt , Peter Jung