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Related papers: Exploring Fine-Tuning for In-Context Retrieval and…

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Long-context large language models (LLMs) hold promise for tasks such as question-answering (QA) over long documents, but they tend to miss important information in the middle of context documents (arXiv:2307.03172v3). Here, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Devanshu Agrawal , Shang Gao , Martin Gajek

Large language models (LLMs) have the remarkable ability to solve new tasks with just a few examples, but they need access to the right tools. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this problem by retrieving a list of relevant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Raviteja Anantha , Tharun Bethi , Danil Vodianik , Srinivas Chappidi

Scaling language models to longer contexts is essential for capturing rich dependencies across extended discourse. However, na\"ive context extension imposes significant computational and memory burdens, often resulting in inefficiencies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Wenhao Li , Bangcheng Sun , Weihao Ye , Tianyi Zhang , Daohai Yu , Fei Chao , Rongrong Ji

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance, but their long-context reasoning remains constrained by the excessive memory required for the Key-Value (KV) cache. This makes KV cache compression a critical step…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xianglong Yan , Zhiteng Li , Tianao Zhang , Haotong Qin , Linghe Kong , Yulun Zhang , Xiaokang Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed across edge and cloud platforms for real-time question-answering and retrieval-augmented generation. However, processing lengthy contexts in distributed systems incurs high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Camille Couturier , Spyros Mastorakis , Haiying Shen , Saravan Rajmohan , Victor Rühle

Key-Value (KV) cache remains a major bottleneck for deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) in long-generation tasks. Prior work often applies uniform compression across both prefill and decoding caches, but compressing the prefill cache…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Soumyadeep Jana , Sagar Nishad , Sanasam Ranbir Singh

A critical approach for efficiently deploying computationally demanding large language models (LLMs) is Key-Value (KV) caching. The KV cache stores key-value states of previously generated tokens, significantly reducing the need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Akide Liu , Jing Liu , Zizheng Pan , Yefei He , Gholamreza Haffari , Bohan Zhuang

Large Language Models (LLMs) often generate inaccurate responses (hallucinations) when faced with questions beyond their knowledge scope. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this by leveraging external knowledge, but a critical…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Haoxiang Jin , Ronghan Li , Zixiang Lu , Qiguang Miao

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has been a powerful tool for Large Language Models (LLMs) to efficiently process overly lengthy contexts. However, recent LLMs like Gemini-1.5 and GPT-4 show exceptional capabilities to understand long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Zhuowan Li , Cheng Li , Mingyang Zhang , Qiaozhu Mei , Michael Bendersky

The Key-Value (KV) cache is a crucial component in serving transformer-based autoregressive large language models (LLMs), enabling faster inference by storing previously computed KV vectors. However, its memory consumption scales linearly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Rongzhi Zhang , Kuang Wang , Liyuan Liu , Shuohang Wang , Hao Cheng , Chao Zhang , Yelong Shen

Applying existing question answering (QA) systems to specialized domains like law and finance presents challenges that necessitate domain expertise. Although large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive language comprehension and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Vaibhav Mavi , Abulhair Saparov , Chen Zhao

With the advancements in long-context inference capabilities of large language models (LLMs), the KV cache has become one of the foundational components. However, its substantial GPU memory consumption makes KV cache compression a key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Youhui Zuo , Sibo Wei , Chen Zhang , Zhuorui Liu , Wenpeng Lu , Dawei Song

In long context scenarios, large language models (LLMs) face three main challenges: higher computational cost, performance reduction, and position bias. Research indicates that LLM performance hinges on the density and position of key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Huiqiang Jiang , Qianhui Wu , Xufang Luo , Dongsheng Li , Chin-Yew Lin , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Retrieval-Augmented Language Modeling (RALM) by integrating large language models (LLM) with relevant documents from an external corpus is a proven method for enabling the LLM to generate information beyond the scope of its pre-training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Runheng Liu , Xingchen Xiao , Heyan Huang , Zewen Chi , Zhijing Wu

This paper examines memory mechanisms in Large Language Models (LLMs), emphasizing their importance for context-rich responses, reduced hallucinations, and improved efficiency. It categorizes memory into sensory, short-term, and long-term,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Lianlei Shan , Shixian Luo , Zezhou Zhu , Yu Yuan , Yong Wu

Long-context LLMs demand accurate inference at low latency, yet decoding becomes primarily constrained by KV cache as context grows. Prior pruning methods are largely context-agnostic: their token selection ignores step-wise relevance and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Chao Fei , Guozhong Li , Chenxi Liu , Panos Kalnis

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances the accuracy of Large Language Model (LLM) responses by leveraging relevant external documents during generation. Although previous studies noted that retrieving many documents can degrade…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Shahar Levy , Nir Mazor , Lihi Shalmon , Michael Hassid , Gabriel Stanovsky

Key-Value (KV) cache has become a bottleneck of LLMs for long-context generation. Despite the numerous efforts in this area, the optimization for the decoding phase is generally ignored. However, we believe such optimization is crucial,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Jialong Wu , Zhenglin Wang , Linhai Zhang , Yilong Lai , Yulan He , Deyu Zhou

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) generally enhances large language models' (LLMs) ability to solve knowledge-intensive tasks. But RAG may also lead to performance degradation due to imperfect retrieval and the model's limited ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Shuyang Cao , Karthik Radhakrishnan , David Rosenberg , Steven Lu , Pengxiang Cheng , Lu Wang , Shiyue Zhang

Generating long sequences of tokens given a long-context input is a very compute-intensive inference scenario for large language models (LLMs). One prominent inference speed-up approach is to construct a smaller key-value (KV) cache,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Fangyuan Xu , Tanya Goyal , Eunsol Choi