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Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate an impressive ability to internalize knowledge and answer natural language questions. Although previous studies validate that LLMs perform well on general knowledge while presenting poor performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Yushi Sun , Hao Xin , Kai Sun , Yifan Ethan Xu , Xiao Yang , Xin Luna Dong , Nan Tang , Lei Chen

Hierarchical Text Classification (HTC) involves assigning documents to labels organized within a taxonomy. Most previous research on HTC has focused on supervised methods. However, in real-world scenarios, employing supervised HTC can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Qianbo Zang , Christophe Zgrzendek , Igor Tchappi , Afshin Khadangi , Johannes Sedlmeir

Large Language Models (LLMs) have attracted significant attention in recommender systems for their excellent world knowledge capabilities. However, existing methods that rely on Euclidean space struggle to capture the rich hierarchical…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Wentao Cheng , Zhida Qin , Zexue Wu , Pengzhan Zhou , Tianyu Huang

Efficient distributed numerical word representation models (word embeddings) combined with modern machine learning algorithms have recently yielded considerable improvement on automatic document classification tasks. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-07 Roger A. Stein , Patricia A. Jaques , Joao F. Valiati

Hierarchical text classification (HTC) is a special sub-task of multi-label classification (MLC) whose taxonomy is constructed as a tree and each sample is assigned with at least one path in the tree. Latest HTC models contain three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Zhijian Chen , Zhonghua Li , Jianxin Yang , Ye Qi

Hierarchical Text Classification (HTC) aims to categorize text data based on a structured label hierarchy, resulting in predicted labels forming a sub-hierarchy tree. The semantics of the text should align with the semantics of the labels…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Ashish Kumar , Durga Toshniwal

Hierarchical text classification (HTC) is essential for various real applications. However, HTC models are challenging to develop because they often require processing a large volume of documents and labels with hierarchical taxonomy.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 SangHun Im , Gibaeg Kim , Heung-Seon Oh , Seongung Jo , Donghwan Kim

Legal judgment prediction suffers from the problem of long case documents exceeding tens of thousands of words, in general, and having a non-uniform structure. Predicting judgments from such documents becomes a challenging task, more so on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Nishchal Prasad , Mohand Boughanem , Taoufiq Dkaki

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in various domains. However, when handling long-form text modification tasks, they still face two major problems: (1) producing undesired modifications by inappropriately…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yuntao Shi , Yi Luo , Yeyun Gong , Chen Lin

Taxonomy inference for tabular data is a critical task of schema inference, aiming at discovering entity types (i.e., concepts) of the tables and building their hierarchy. It can play an important role in data management, data exploration,…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Zhenyu Wu , Jiaoyan Chen , Norman W. Paton

The quality of machine learning models depends heavily on their training data. Selecting high-quality, diverse training sets for large language models (LLMs) is a difficult task, due to the lack of cheap and reliable quality metrics. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Robert Istvan Busa-Fekete , Julian Zimmert , Anne Xiangyi Zheng , Claudio Gentile , Andras Gyorgy

Recent advancements have significantly enhanced the performance of large language models (LLMs) in tackling complex reasoning tasks, achieving notable success in domains like mathematical and logical reasoning. However, these methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Runquan Gui , Zhihai Wang , Jie Wang , Chi Ma , Huiling Zhen , Mingxuan Yuan , Jianye Hao , Defu Lian , Enhong Chen , Feng Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have fundamentally transformed approaches to Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks across diverse domains. In healthcare, accurate and cost-efficient text classification is crucial, whether for clinical notes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Hajar Sakai , Sarah S. Lam

Hierarchical Text Classification (HTC), which aims to predict text labels organized in hierarchical space, is a significant task lacking in investigation in natural language processing. Existing methods usually encode the entire…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Wei Huang , Chen Liu , Yihua Zhao , Xinyun Yang , Zhaoming Pan , Zhimin Zhang , Guiquan Liu

Cross-document relation extraction (RE) aims to identify relations between the head and tail entities located in different documents. Existing approaches typically adopt the paradigm of ``\textit{Small Language Model (SLM) + Classifier}''.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Guoqi Ma , Liang Zhang , Hongyao Tu , Hao Fu , Hui Li , Yujie Lin , Longyue Wang , Weihua Luo , Jinsong Su

Transformer-based large language models (LLM) have been widely used in language processing applications. However, due to the memory constraints of the devices, most of them restrict the context window. Even though recurrent models in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Zifan He , Yingqi Cao , Zongyue Qin , Neha Prakriya , Yizhou Sun , Jason Cong

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) learn powerful multimodal representations through large-scale image-text pretraining, but adapting them to hierarchical classification is underexplored. Standard approaches treat labels as flat categories and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Jiayu Li , Rajesh Gangireddy , Samet Akcay , Wei Cheng , Juhua Hu

In the rapidly evolving field of Explainable Natural Language Processing (NLP), textual explanations, i.e., human-like rationales, are pivotal for explaining model predictions and enriching datasets with interpretable labels. Traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Mahdi Dhaini , Juraj Vladika , Ege Erdogan , Zineb Attaoui , Gjergji Kasneci

Having a unified, coherent taxonomy is essential for effective knowledge representation in domain-specific applications as diverse terminologies need to be mapped to underlying concepts. Traditional manual approaches to taxonomy alignment…

Text classification algorithms investigate the intricate relationships between words or phrases and attempt to deduce the document's interpretation. In the last few years, these algorithms have progressed tremendously. Transformer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Snehal Khandve , Vedangi Wagh , Apurva Wani , Isha Joshi , Raviraj Joshi