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Continual Learning (CL) is an emerging machine learning paradigm that aims to learn from a continuous stream of tasks without forgetting knowledge learned from the previous tasks. To avoid performance decrease caused by forgetting, prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Soobee Lee , Minindu Weerakoon , Jonghyun Choi , Minjia Zhang , Di Wang , Myeongjae Jeon

Continual learning faces a crucial challenge of catastrophic forgetting. To address this challenge, experience replay (ER) that maintains a tiny subset of samples from previous tasks has been commonly used. Existing ER works usually focus…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Yejia Liu , Wang Zhu , Shaolei Ren

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across a wide range of tasks, growing concerns have emerged over the misuse of sensitive, copyrighted, or harmful data during training. To address these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jie Ren , Zhenwei Dai , Xianfeng Tang , Yue Xing , Shenglai Zeng , Hui Liu , Jingying Zeng , Qiankun Peng , Samarth Varshney , Suhang Wang , Qi He , Charu C. Aggarwal , Hui Liu

Lifelong Reinforcement Learning (LRL) holds significant potential for addressing sequential tasks, but it still faces considerable challenges. A key difficulty lies in effectively preventing catastrophic forgetting and facilitating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Zhiyi Huang , Xiaohan Shan , Jianmin Li

Deep neural networks struggle to continually learn multiple sequential tasks due to catastrophic forgetting of previously learned tasks. Rehearsal-based methods which explicitly store previous task samples in the buffer and interleave them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Prashant Bhat , Bahram Zonooz , Elahe Arani

Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer significant performance degradation in multi-turn conversations when information is presented incrementally. Given that multi-turn conversations characterize everyday interactions with LLMs, this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Haziq Mohammad Khalid , Athikash Jeyaganthan , Timothy Do , Yicheng Fu , Sean O'Brien , Vasu Sharma , Kevin Zhu

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) technologies today are primarily optimized for given datasets; thus, any changes in the application environment (e.g., acoustic conditions or topic domains) may inevitably degrade the performance. We can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Heng-Jui Chang , Hung-yi Lee , Lin-shan Lee

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have been successfully applied to control tasks associated with unmanned aerial vehicles and robotics. In recent years, safe RL has been proposed to allow the safe execution of RL algorithms in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Austin Coursey , Marcos Quinones-Grueiro , Gautam Biswas

Continual learning (CL) aims to train models on a sequence of tasks while retaining performance on previously learned ones. A core challenge in this setting is catastrophic forgetting, where new learning interferes with past knowledge.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Meng Ding , Jinhui Xu , Kaiyi Ji

Machine unlearning has the potential to improve the safety of large language models (LLMs) by removing sensitive or harmful information post hoc. A key challenge in unlearning involves balancing between forget quality (effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Shengyuan Hu , Neil Kale , Pratiksha Thaker , Yiwei Fu , Steven Wu , Virginia Smith

This paper explores Online Continual Self-Supervised Learning (OCSSL), a scenario in which models learn from continuous streams of unlabeled, non-stationary data, where methods typically employ replay and fast convergence is a central…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Giacomo Cignoni , Simone Magistri , Andrew D. Bagdanov , Antonio Carta

In online continual learning, a neural network incrementally learns from a non-i.i.d. data stream. Nearly all online continual learning methods employ experience replay to simultaneously prevent catastrophic forgetting and underfitting on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Jason Yoo , Yunpeng Liu , Frank Wood , Geoff Pleiss

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) with implicit neural representations has received extensive attention due to the expressive representation power and the innovative paradigm of continual learning. However, deploying such a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Baicheng Li , Zike Yan , Dong Wu , Hanqing Jiang , Hongbin Zha

Continual learning aims to emulate the human ability to continually accumulate knowledge over sequential tasks. The main challenge is to maintain performance on previously learned tasks after learning new tasks, i.e., to avoid catastrophic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Yunhao Ge , Yuecheng Li , Shuo Ni , Jiaping Zhao , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Laurent Itti

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP), particularly in Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks. As we progress toward an agentic world where LLM-based agents autonomously handle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Naimul Haque

Continual learning requires incremental compatibility with a sequence of tasks. However, the design of model architecture remains an open question: In general, learning all tasks with a shared set of parameters suffers from severe…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Liyuan Wang , Xingxing Zhang , Qian Li , Jun Zhu , Yi Zhong

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) trained using Equilibrium Propagation (EP), a biologically plausible training algorithm, have demonstrated strong performance in various tasks such as image classification and reinforcement learning.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Yoshimasa Kubo , Jean Erik Delanois , Maxim Bazhenov

Large Language Models (LLMs) possess encompassing capabilities that can process diverse language-related tasks. However, finetuning on LLMs will diminish this general skills and continual finetuning will further cause severe degradation on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Kai Tong , Kang Pan , Xiao Zhang , Erli Meng , Run He , Yawen Cui , Nuoyan Guo , Huiping Zhuang

The safety alignment of large language models (LLMs) is becoming increasingly important with their democratization. In this paper, we study the safety degradation that comes with adapting LLMs to new tasks. We attribute this safety…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Lama Alssum , Hani Itani , Hasan Abed Al Kader Hammoud , Philip Torr , Adel Bibi , Bernard Ghanem

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly prevalent, their security vulnerabilities have already drawn attention. Machine unlearning is introduced to seek to mitigate these risks by removing the influence of undesirable data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Xiang Zhang , Kun Wei , Xu Yang , Jiahua Li , Su Yan , Cheng Deng