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Existing efforts in building Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents largely rely on the training paradigm of supervised fine-tuning on Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs). However, this approach not only demands extensive amounts of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Run Luo , Lu Wang , Wanwei He , Longze Chen , Jiaming Li , Xiaobo Xia

In this paper, we introduce UI-Genie, a self-improving framework addressing two key challenges in GUI agents: verification of trajectory outcome is challenging and high-quality training data are not scalable. These challenges are addressed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Han Xiao , Guozhi Wang , Yuxiang Chai , Zimu Lu , Weifeng Lin , Hao He , Lue Fan , Liuyang Bian , Rui Hu , Liang Liu , Shuai Ren , Yafei Wen , Xiaoxin Chen , Aojun Zhou , Hongsheng Li

Graphical User Interface (GUI) Agents have emerged as a transformative paradigm in human-computer interaction, evolving from rule-based automation scripts to sophisticated AI-driven systems capable of understanding and executing complex…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Fei Tang , Haolei Xu , Hang Zhang , Siqi Chen , Xingyu Wu , Yongliang Shen , Wenqi Zhang , Guiyang Hou , Zeqi Tan , Yuchen Yan , Kaitao Song , Jian Shao , Weiming Lu , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang

Large language model (LLM) agents typically adopt a step-by-step reasoning framework, in which they interleave the processes of thinking and acting to accomplish the given task. However, this paradigm faces a deep-rooted one-pass issue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Xingzuo Li , Kehai Chen , Yunfei Long , Xuefeng Bai , Yong Xu , Min Zhang

Evaluating LLM-generated interactive software requires execution in addition to static analysis. The key difficulty is that correctness is a graph-level reachable property over latent UI state-transition graphs, whereas a GUI evaluator…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Sirui Hong , Zhijie Liu , Tengfei Li , Wei Tao , Yifan Wu , Chenglin Wu

Large language models (LLMs) have recently transformed from text-based assistants to autonomous agents capable of planning, reasoning, and iteratively improving their actions. While numerical reward signals and verifiers can effectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Ruihan Yang , Fanghua Ye , Jian Li , Siyu Yuan , Yikai Zhang , Zhaopeng Tu , Xiaolong Li , Deqing Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise as data analysis agents, but existing benchmarks overlook the iterative nature of the field, where experts' decisions evolve with deeper insights of the dataset. To address this, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Hanyu Li , Haoyu Liu , Tingyu Zhu , Tianyu Guo , Zeyu Zheng , Xiaotie Deng , Michael I. Jordan

Large Action Models (LAMs) for AI Agents offer incredible potential but face challenges due to the need for high-quality training data, especially for multi-steps tasks that involve planning, executing tool calls, and responding to…

Recently, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have been used as agents to control keyboard and mouse inputs by directly perceiving the Graphical User Interface (GUI) and generating corresponding commands. However, current agents…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Dongping Chen , Yue Huang , Siyuan Wu , Jingyu Tang , Liuyi Chen , Yilin Bai , Zhigang He , Chenlong Wang , Huichi Zhou , Yiqiang Li , Tianshuo Zhou , Yue Yu , Chujie Gao , Qihui Zhang , Yi Gui , Zhen Li , Yao Wan , Pan Zhou , Jianfeng Gao , Lichao Sun

Utilizing Graphic User Interface (GUI) for human-computer interaction is essential for accessing a wide range of digital tools. Recent advancements in Vision Language Models (VLMs) highlight the compelling potential to develop versatile…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Wentong Chen , Junbo Cui , Jinyi Hu , Yujia Qin , Junjie Fang , Yue Zhao , Chongyi Wang , Jun Liu , Guirong Chen , Yupeng Huo , Yuan Yao , Yankai Lin , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Large Language Models are being increasingly deployed as the decision-making core of autonomous agents capable of effecting change in external environments. Yet, in conversational benchmarks, which simulate real-world customer-centric issue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Amir Saeidi , Venkatesh Mishra , Souradeep Mukhopadhyay , Gaowen Liu , Ali Payani , Jayanth Srinivasa , Chitta Baral

Building AI systems for GUI automation task has attracted remarkable research efforts, where MLLMs are leveraged for processing user requirements and give operations. However, GUI automation includes a wide range of tasks, from document…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Zishu Wei , Qixiang Ma , Xavier Hu , Yuhang Liu , Hui Zang , Yudong Zhao , Tao Wang , Shengyu Zhang , Fei Wu

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to the development of intelligent LLM-based agents capable of interacting with graphical user interfaces (GUIs). These agents demonstrate strong reasoning and adaptability,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Wenjia Jiang , Yangyang Zhuang , Chenxi Song , Xu Yang , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Chi Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) agents are increasingly pivotal for addressing complex tasks in interactive environments. Existing work mainly focuses on enhancing performance through behavior cloning from stronger experts, yet such approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Siyu Yuan , Zehui Chen , Zhiheng Xi , Junjie Ye , Zhengyin Du , Jiecao Chen

Training AI models has always been challenging, especially when there is a need for custom models to provide personalized services. Algorithm engineers often face a lengthy process to iteratively develop models tailored to specific business…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Haoyuan Li , Hao Jiang , Tianke Zhang , Zhelun Yu , Aoxiong Yin , Hao Cheng , Siming Fu , Yuhao Zhang , Wanggui He

Autonomous GUI agents based on vision-language models (VLMs) often assume deterministic environment responses, generating actions without verifying whether previous operations succeeded. In real-world settings with network latency,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yuzhe Zhang , Xianwei Xue , Xingyong Wu , Mengke Chen , Chen Liu , Xinran He , Run Shao , Feiran Liu , Huanmin Xu , Qiutong Pan , Haiwei Wang

The emergence of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has driven significant advances in Graphical User Interface (GUI) agent capabilities. Nevertheless, existing GUI agent training and inference techniques still suffer from a dilemma…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Shuquan Lian , Yuhang Wu , Jia Ma , Yifan Ding , Zihan Song , Bingqi Chen , Xiawu Zheng , Hui Li , Rongrong Ji

The Graphical User Interface (GUI) is pivotal for human interaction with the digital world, enabling efficient device control and the completion of complex tasks. Recent progress in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Language Models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Danyang Zhang , Zhennan Shen , Rui Xie , Situo Zhang , Tianbao Xie , Zihan Zhao , Siyuan Chen , Lu Chen , Hongshen Xu , Ruisheng Cao , Kai Yu

Repurposing large vision-language models (LVLMs) as computer use agents (CUAs) has led to substantial breakthroughs, primarily driven by human-labeled data. However, these models often struggle with novel and specialized software,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Zeyi Sun , Ziyu Liu , Yuhang Zang , Yuhang Cao , Xiaoyi Dong , Tong Wu , Dahua Lin , Jiaqi Wang

Multi-agent systems powered by large language models (LLMs) are transforming enterprise automation, yet systematic evaluation methodologies for assessing tool-use reliability remain underdeveloped. We introduce a comprehensive diagnostic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Donghao Huang , Gauri Malwe , Zhaoxia Wang