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Related papers: DeepPlanning: Benchmarking Long-Horizon Agentic Pl…

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We address the long-horizon gap in large language model (LLM) agents by enabling them to sustain coherent strategies in adversarial, stochastic environments. Settlers of Catan provides a challenging benchmark: success depends on balancing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Nikolas Belle , Dakota Barnes , Alfonso Amayuelas , Ivan Bercovich , Xin Eric Wang , William Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have sparked growing interest in machine learning research agents that can autonomously propose ideas and conduct experiments. However, existing benchmarks predominantly adopt an engineering-oriented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Qiran Zou , Hou Hei Lam , Wenhao Zhao , Yiming Tang , Tingting Chen , Samson Yu , Tianyi Zhang , Chang Liu , Xiangyang Ji , Dianbo Liu

Existing benchmarks in e-commerce primarily focus on basic user intents, such as finding or purchasing products. However, real-world users often pursue more complex goals, such as applying vouchers, managing budgets, and finding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Jiangyuan Wang , Kejun Xiao , Qi Sun , Huaipeng Zhao , Tao Luo , Jian Dong Zhang , Xiaoyi Zeng

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into software engineering has driven a transition from traditional rule-based systems to autonomous agentic systems capable of solving complex problems. However, systematic progress is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jiale Guo , Suizhi Huang , Mei Li , Dong Huang , Xingsheng Chen , Regina Zhang , Zhijiang Guo , Han Yu , Siu-Ming Yiu , Pietro Lio , Kwok-Yan Lam

LLM-based agents are increasingly deployed to autonomously solve complex tasks, raising urgent needs for IP protection and regulatory provenance. While content watermarking effectively attributes LLM-generated outputs, it fails to directly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Kaibo Huang , Jin Tan , Yukun Wei , Wanling Li , Zipei Zhang , Hui Tian , Zhongliang Yang , Linna Zhou

Recent advances in coding agents suggest rapid progress toward autonomous software development, yet existing benchmarks fail to rigorously evaluate the long-horizon capabilities required to build complete software systems. Most prior…

While Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve near-human performance on standard benchmarks, their capabilities often fail to generalize to complex, real-world problems. To bridge this gap, we introduce DeepQuestion, a scalable, automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ali Khoramfar , Ali Ramezani , Mohammad Mahdi Mohajeri , Mohammad Javad Dousti , Majid Nili Ahmadabadi , Heshaam Faili

We introduce LogiPlan, a novel benchmark designed to evaluate the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in logical planning and reasoning over complex relational structures. Logical relational reasoning is important for applications…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Yanan Cai , Ahmed Salem , Besmira Nushi , Mark Russinovich

The ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to use external tools unlocks powerful real-world interactions, making rigorous evaluation essential. However, current benchmarks primarily report final accuracy, revealing what models can do but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Qihao Wang , Yue Hu , Mingzhe Lu , Jiayue Wu , Yanbing Liu , Yuanmin Tang

Supervised learning approaches to offline reinforcement learning, particularly those utilizing the Decision Transformer, have shown effectiveness in continuous environments and for sparse rewards. However, they often struggle with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Joseph Clinton , Robert Lieck

The ability of large language models (LLMs) to mimic human-like intelligence has led to a surge in LLM-based autonomous agents. Though recent LLMs seem capable of planning and reasoning given user instructions, their effectiveness in…

Travel planning (TP) agent has recently worked as an emerging building block to interact with external tools and resources for travel itinerary generation, ensuring enjoyable user experience. Despite its benefits, existing studies rely on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Yansong Ning , Rui Liu , Jun Wang , Kai Chen , Wei Li , Jun Fang , Kan Zheng , Naiqiang Tan , Hao Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant capabilities in natural language processing and reasoning, yet their effectiveness in autonomous planning has been under debate. While existing studies have utilized LLMs with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Bilgehan Sel , Ruoxi Jia , Ming Jin

The pursuit of artificial general intelligence (AGI) has been accelerated by Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), which exhibit superior reasoning, generalization capabilities, and proficiency in processing multimodal inputs. A crucial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Yi Chen , Yuying Ge , Yixiao Ge , Mingyu Ding , Bohao Li , Rui Wang , Ruifeng Xu , Ying Shan , Xihui Liu

Early artificial intelligence paradigms exhibited separated cognitive functions: Neural Networks focused on "perception-representation," Reinforcement Learning on "decision-making-behavior," and Symbolic AI on "knowledge-reasoning." With…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Zhi Liu , Guangzhi Wang

Multi-agent systems based on large language models, particularly centralized architectures, have recently shown strong potential for complex and knowledge-intensive tasks. However, central agents often suffer from unstable long-horizon…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Ruizhe Zhang , Xinke Jiang , Zhibang Yang , Zhixin Zhang , Jiaran Gao , Yuzhen Xiao , Hongbin Lai , Xu Chu , Junfeng Zhao , Yasha Wang

We present the PokeAgent Challenge, a large-scale benchmark for decision-making research built on Pokemon's multi-agent battle system and expansive role-playing game (RPG) environment. Partial observability, game-theoretic reasoning, and…

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in various natural language tasks but often struggle with long-horizon planning problems requiring structured reasoning. This limitation has drawn interest in integrating neuro-symbolic approaches within…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Marcus Tantakoun , Xiaodan Zhu , Christian Muise

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) perform complex tasks through long-horizon reasoning and tool interaction, where a fundamental trade-off arises between execution efficiency and reasoning robustness. Models at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Wenbo Gao , Renxi Liu , Xian Wang , Fang Guo , Shuai Yang , Xi Chen , Hui-Ling Zhen , Hanting Chen , Weizhe Lin , Xiaosong Li , Yaoyuan Wang

Education is one of the most promising real-world applications for Large Language Models (LLMs). However, current LLMs rely on static pre-training knowledge and lack adaptation to individual learners, while existing RAG systems fall short…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Bingxi Zhao , Jiahao Zhang , Xubin Ren , Zirui Guo , Tianzhe Chu , Yi Ma , Chao Huang