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Data centers are significant contributors to carbon emissions and can strain power systems due to their high electricity consumption. To mitigate this impact and to participate in demand response programs, cloud computing companies strive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-29 Sophie Hall , Francesco Micheli , Giuseppe Belgioioso , Ana Radovanović , Florian Dörfler

Recent computing needs have lead technology companies to develop large scale, highly optimized data centers. These data centers represent large loads on electric power networks which have the unique flexibility to shift load both…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-20 Julia Lindberg , Yasmine Abdennadher , Jiaqi Chen , Bernard C. Lesieutre , Line Roald

Increasing demand for computing has lead to the development of large-scale, highly optimized data centers, which represent large loads in the electric power network. Many major computing and internet companies operate multiple data centers…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-08 Julia Lindberg , Bernard C. Lesieutre , Line Roald

An increasing focus on the electricity use and carbon emissions associated with computing has lead to pledges by major cloud computing companies to lower their carbon footprint. Data centers have a unique ability to shift computing load…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-03 Julia Lindberg , Bernard C. Lesieutre , Line A. Roald

Reducing our reliance on carbon-intensive energy sources is vital for reducing the carbon footprint of the electric grid. Although the grid is seeing increasing deployments of clean, renewable sources of energy, a significant portion of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-26 Rishikesh Jha , Stephen Lee , Srinivasan Iyengar , Mohammad H. Hajiesmaili , David Irwin , Prashant Shenoy

Data centers (DCs) can help decarbonize the power grid by helping absorb renewable power (e.g., wind and solar) due to their ability to shift power loads across space and time. However, to harness such load-shifting flexibility, it is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-15 Weiqi Zhang , Line A. Roald , Victor M. Zavala

This paper presents a consolidated grid impact analysis design and corresponding mitigation strategies for heavy-duty electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. The charging load of heavy-duty charging station can reach several megawatts,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-16 Xiangqi Zhu , Partha Mishra , Barry Mather , Mingzhi Zhang , Andrew Meintz

We present an analytical model to evaluate the reductions in emissions resulting from geographic load shifting. This model is optimistic as it ignores issues of grid capacity, demand and curtailment. In other words, real-world reductions…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Wim Vanderbauwhede

Consumer Demand Response (DR) is an important research and industry problem, which seeks to categorize, predict and modify consumer's energy consumption. Unfortunately, traditional clustering methods have resulted in many hundreds of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-08-23 Thanchanok Teeraratkul , Daniel O'Neill , Sanjay Lall

An electricity bill of a data center (DC) is determined not only by how much energy the DC consumes, but especially by how the consumed energy is spread over time during the billing cycle. More specifically, these electricity costs are…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Mehiar Dabbagh , Bechir Hamdaoui , Ammar Rayes

Global climate challenge is demanding urgent actions for decarbonization, while electric power systems take the major roles in clean energy transition. Due to the existence of spatially and temporally dispersed renewable energy resources…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-13 Xuan He , Danny H. K. Tsang , Yize Chen

An increasing number of electric loads, such as hydrogen producers or data centers, can be characterized as carbon-sensitive, meaning that they are willing to adapt the timing and/or location of their electricity usage in order to minimize…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-16 Wenqian Jiang , Olivier Huber , Michael C. Ferris , Line Roald

Depending on energy sources and demand, the carbon intensity of the public power grid fluctuates over time. Exploiting this variability is an important factor in reducing the emissions caused by data centers. However, regional differences…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Philipp Wiesner , Ilja Behnke , Dominik Scheinert , Kordian Gontarska , Lauritz Thamsen

In this paper, we consider the expansion of power grids under emerging large loads from data centers and electrified manufacturing. We develop a multi-period grid capacity expansion model to determine optimal investment profiles for power…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-29 Jiyong Lee , Melody Agustin , Joanne Langsdorf , Erhan Kutanolgu , Michael Baldea , Ilias Mitrai

We present an online stochastic model predictive control framework for demand charge management for a grid-connected consumer with attached electrical energy storage. The consumer we consider must satisfy an inflexible but stochastic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-07 Benjamin Flamm , Guillermo Ramos , Annika Eichler , John Lygeros

Data centers (DCs) are emerging as large, geographically distributed, controllable loads whose participation in electricity markets can significantly affect grid operation, especially when cloud platforms shift workloads across sites to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Shijie Pan , Zaint A. Alexakis , Charalambos Konstantinou

Detailed scheduling has traditionally been optimized for the reduction of makespan and manufacturing costs. However, growing awareness of environmental concerns and increasingly stringent regulations are pushing manufacturing towards…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-14 Andrea Mencaroni , Pieter Leyman , Birger Raa , Stijn De Vuyst , Dieter Claeys

Electrification of transport compounded with climate change will transform hourly load profiles and their response to weather. Power system operators and EV charging stakeholders require such high-resolution load profiles for their planning…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-08 Samrat Acharya , Malini Ghosal , Travis Thurber , Casey D. Burleyson , Yang Ou , Allison Campbell , Gokul Iyer , Nathalie Voisin , Jason Fuller

Electrification is contributing to substantial growth in U.S. commercial and industrial loads, but the cost and Scope 2 carbon emission implications of this load growth are opaque for both power consumers and utilities. This work describes…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Fletcher T. Chapin , Akshay K. Rao , Adhithyan Sakthivelu , Carson I. Tucker , Eres David , Casey S. Chen , Erin Musabandesu , Meagan S. Mauter

Electricity production currently generates approximately 25% of greenhouse gas emissions in the USA. Thus, increasing the amount of renewable energy is a key step to carbon neutrality. However, integrating a large amount of fluctuating…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-20 Aleksandr Lukashevich , Yury Maximov
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