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This paper explores the possibility of learning custom tokens for representing new concepts in Vision-Language Models (VLMs). Our aim is to learn tokens that can be effective for both discriminative and generative tasks while composing well…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Pramuditha Perera , Matthew Trager , Luca Zancato , Alessandro Achille , Stefano Soatto

Generative recommendation is emerging as a transformative paradigm by directly generating recommended items, rather than relying on matching. Building such a system typically involves two key components: (1) optimizing the tokenizer to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Yimeng Bai , Chang Liu , Yang Zhang , Dingxian Wang , Frank Yang , Andrew Rabinovich , Wenge Rong , Fuli Feng

Utilizing powerful Large Language Models (LLMs) for generative recommendation has attracted much attention. Nevertheless, a crucial challenge is transforming recommendation data into the language space of LLMs through effective item…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Wenjie Wang , Honghui Bao , Xinyu Lin , Jizhi Zhang , Yongqi Li , Fuli Feng , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

Generative models powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) are emerging as a unified solution for powering both recommendation and search tasks. A key design choice in these models is how to represent items, traditionally through unique…

Effective recommendation is crucial for large-scale online platforms. Traditional recommendation systems primarily rely on ID tokens to uniquely identify items, which can effectively capture specific item relationships but suffer from…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Guanyu Lin , Zhigang Hua , Tao Feng , Shuang Yang , Bo Long , Jiaxuan You

Semantic ID (SID)-based recommendation is a promising paradigm for scaling sequential recommender systems, but existing methods largely follow a semantic-centric pipeline: item embeddings are learned from foundation models and discretized…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yu Liang , Zhongjin Zhang , Yuxuan Zhu , Kerui Zhang , Zhiluohan Guo , Wenhang Zhou , Zonqi Yang , Kangle Wu , Yabo Ni , Anxiang Zeng , Cong Fu , Jianxin Wang , Jiazhi Xia

Generative recommendation is an emerging paradigm that leverages the extensive knowledge of large language models by formulating recommendations into a text-to-text generation task. However, existing studies face two key limitations in (i)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Sunkyung Lee , Minjin Choi , Eunseong Choi , Hye-young Kim , Jongwuk Lee

Autoregressive Model (AR) has shown remarkable success in conditional image generation. However, these approaches for multiple reference generation struggle with decoupling different reference identities. In this work, we propose the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Haiyue Sun , Qingdong He , Jinlong Peng , Peng Tang , Jiangning Zhang , Junwei Zhu , Xiaobin Hu , Shuicheng Yan

Generative recommendation based on Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed the traditional ranking-based recommendation style into a text-to-text generation paradigm. However, in contrast to standard NLP tasks that inherently operate…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Juntao Tan , Shuyuan Xu , Wenyue Hua , Yingqiang Ge , Zelong Li , Yongfeng Zhang

Next token prediction is an attractive pre-training task for jet foundation models, in that it is simulation free and enables excellent generative capabilities that can transfer across datasets. Here we study multiple improvements to next…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-12-05 Joschka Birk , Anna Hallin , Gregor Kasieczka , Nikol Madzharova , Ian Pang , David Shih

Large language models (LLMs), endowed with exceptional reasoning capabilities, are adept at discerning profound user interests from historical behaviors, thereby presenting a promising avenue for the advancement of recommendation systems.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Guanghan Li , Xun Zhang , Yufei Zhang , Yifan Yin , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin

Sequential recommendation is a task to capture hidden user preferences from historical user item interaction data and recommend next items for the user. Significant progress has been made in this domain by leveraging classification based…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Panfeng Cao , Pietro Lio

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled users to provide highly specific music recommendation requests using natural language prompts (e.g. "Can you recommend some old classics for slow dancing?"). In this setup, the…

Leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) for generative recommendation has attracted significant research interest, where item tokenization is a critical step. It involves assigning item identifiers for LLMs to encode user history and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Xinyu Lin , Haihan Shi , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Qifan Wang , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

Large Vision Language Models show impressive performance across image and video understanding tasks, yet their computational cost grows rapidly with the number of visual tokens. Existing token pruning methods mitigate this issue through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Dong-Jae Lee , Sunghyun Baek , Junmo Kim

This paper argues that generating output tokens is more effective than using pooled representations for prediction tasks because token-level generation retains more mutual information. Since LLMs are trained on massive text corpora using…

This paper presents Diffusion Forcing, a new training paradigm where a diffusion model is trained to denoise a set of tokens with independent per-token noise levels. We apply Diffusion Forcing to sequence generative modeling by training a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Boyuan Chen , Diego Marti Monso , Yilun Du , Max Simchowitz , Russ Tedrake , Vincent Sitzmann

Generative recommendation reformulates recommendation as next-token prediction over discrete semantic identifiers (IDs). A fundamental yet unexplored design choice is that existing methods employ fixed-length tokenization for all items,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Minhao Wang , Bowen Wu , Wei Zhang

Generative recommender systems have recently emerged as a promising paradigm by formulating next-item prediction as an auto-regressive semantic IDs generation, such as OneRec series works. However, with the next-item-agnostic prediction…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Yu Liu , Jiangxia Cao

Conversational recommender systems aim to provide personalized recommendations via natural language interactions. However, existing approaches either decouple recommendation from dialog generation or rely on retrieval-based pipelines,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Sixiao Zhang , Mingrui Liu , Cheng Long