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This work presents a self powered water leak sensor that eliminates both batteries and local gateways. The design integrates a dual compartment electrochemical harvester, a low input boost converter with supercapacitor storage, and a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-27 Roshan Nepal , Brandon Brown , Shishangbo Yu , Roozbeh Abbasi , Norman Zhou , George Shaker

This paper presents a battery-less, self-powered water leak detection system that utilizes LoRa communication for long-range, real-time monitoring. The system harvests hydroelectric energy through a layered stack of conductive nanomaterials…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Roshan Nepal , Roozbeh Abbasi , Brandon Brown , Adunni Oginni , Norman Zhou , George Shaker

AI data centers which are GPU centric, have adopted liquid cooling to handle extreme heat loads, but coolant leaks result in substantial energy loss through unplanned shutdowns and extended repair periods. We present a proof-of-concept…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Krishna Chaitanya Sunkara , Rambabu Konakanchi

The sustainable design of Internet of Things (IoT) networks encompasses considerations related to energy efficiency and autonomy as well as considerations related to reliable communications, ensuring no energy is wasted on undelivered data.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-10 Jimmy Fernandez Landivar , Khojiakbar Botirov , Hazem Sallouha , Marcos Katz , Sofie Pollin

From the outset, batteries have been the main power source for the Internet of Things (IoT). However, replacing and disposing of billions of dead batteries per year is costly in terms of maintenance and ecologically irresponsible. Since…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Carmen Delgado , Jos é María Sanz , Jeroen Famaey

Billions of IoT devices are deployed worldwide and batteries are their main power source. However, these batteries are bulky, short-lived and full of hazardous chemicals that damage our environment. Relying on batteries is not a sustainable…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Carmen Delgado , José María Sanz , Chris Blondia , Jeroen Famaey

Detecting leaks in water networks is a costly challenge. This article introduces a practical solution: the integration of optical network with water networks for efficient leak detection. Our approach uses a fiber-optic cable to measure…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-31 Huan Wu , Huan-Feng Duan , Wallace W. L. Lai , Kun Zhu , Xin Cheng , Hao Yin , Bin Zhou , Chun-Cheung Lai , Chao Lu , Xiaoli Ding

To improve sustainability, Internet-of-Things (IoT) is increasingly adopting battery-free devices powered by ambient energy scavenged from the environment. The unpredictable availability of ambient energy leads to device intermittency,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Gaosheng Liu , Kasım Sinan Yıldırım , Lin Wang

In the Internet of Things (IoT), thousands of devices can be deployed to acquire data from the environment and provide service to several applications in different fields. In many cases, it is desirable that devices are self-sustainable in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Martina Capuzzo , Carmen Delgado , Jeroen Famaey , Andrea Zanella

Environmental sensing is an important research topic in the integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system. Current works often focus on static environments, such as buildings and terrains. However, dynamic factors like rainfall can…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Pengfei Shi , Fei Shang , Haohua Du

This paper presents the development of a compact leak detector for vacuum systems that operates using hydrogen as a tracer gas, detected by a semiconductor MQ-8 sensor. The sensor is connected to an Arduino microcontroller, enabling digital…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-11-24 S. M. Kovalov , I. V. Beznosenko , A. V. Vasyliev , G. V. Sotnikov

The battery-less Internet of Things (IoT) devices are a key element in the sustainable green initiative for the next-generation wireless networks. These battery-free devices use the ambient energy, harvested from the environment. The energy…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Chetna Singhal , Subhrajit Barick , Rishabh Sonkar

With the growing number of deployments of Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure for a wide variety of applications, the battery maintenance has become a major limitation for the sustainability of such infrastructure. To overcome this…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-24 Dong Ma , Guohao Lan , Mahbub Hassan , Wen Hu , Sajal K. Das

An automated, standoff acoustic leak detection scheme has been designed, built, and tested. It merges the principles of glass breakage and smoke detection to alert for the presence of leaks emanating from pressurized plumbing. A simulated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Michael P. Hasselbeck

Transparent electronics offer exciting light harvesting solutions for generation of electrical power via demonstration of "see-through" optoelectronic devices. The wireless energy harvesting ability can empower unplugged and battery-free…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-03-23 Sadra Sadeghi , Mertcan Han , Shashi Bhushan Srivastava , Sedat Nizamoglu

The Internet of Things (IoT) enables a wide variety of applications where large sensor networks are deployed in remote areas without power grid access. Thus, the sensor nodes often run on batteries, whose replacement and disposal represent…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Martina Capuzzo , Carmen Delgado , Jeroen Famaey , Andrea Zanella

Leakages are a major risk in water distribution networks as they cause water loss and increase contamination risks. Leakage detection is a difficult task due to the complex dynamics of water distribution networks. In particular, small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Valerie Vaquet , Fabian Hinder , Barbara Hammer

The integration of security and energy efficiency in Internet of Things systems remains a critical challenge, particularly for battery-free and resource-constrained devices. This paper explores the scalability and protocol-agnostic nature…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Taki Eddine Djidjekh , Gaël Loubet , Alexandru Takacs

Securing Internet of Things (IoT) firmware remains difficult due to proprietary binaries, stripped symbols, heterogeneous architectures, and limited access to executable code. Existing analysis methods, such as static analysis, symbolic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Saeid Jamshidi , Omar Abdul-Wahab , Martine Bellaïche , Foutse Khomh

A key factor preventing the market penetration of renewable, intermittent energy sources, such as solar, wind and wave, is the lack of cost-effective energy storage options to counteract intermittency. Here, we propose and demonstrate a…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2016-10-17 Matthew E. Suss , Kameron Conforti , Laura Gilson , Cullen R. Buie , Martin Z. Bazant
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