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Pretrained encoders for mathematical texts have achieved significant improvements on various tasks such as formula classification and information retrieval. Yet they remain limited in representing and capturing student strategies for entire…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Siddhartha Pradhan , Ethan Prihar , Erin Ottmar

In this paper, we present a novel cross-consistency based semi-supervised approach for semantic segmentation. Consistency training has proven to be a powerful semi-supervised learning framework for leveraging unlabeled data under the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Yassine Ouali , Céline Hudelot , Myriam Tami

Distributional semantics based on neural approaches is a cornerstone of Natural Language Processing, with surprising connections to human meaning representation as well. Recent Transformer-based Language Models have proven capable of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Daniel Loureiro , Alípio Mário Jorge , Jose Camacho-Collados

In Sequential Recommenders (SR), encoding and utilizing modalities in an end-to-end manner is costly in terms of modality encoder sizes. Two-stage approaches can mitigate such concerns, but they suffer from poor performance due to modality…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Hengchang Hu , Qijiong Liu , Chuang Li , Min-Yen Kan

Large decoder-only language models (LLMs) are the state-of-the-art models on most of today's NLP tasks and benchmarks. Yet, the community is only slowly adopting these models for text embedding tasks, which require rich contextualized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Parishad BehnamGhader , Vaibhav Adlakha , Marius Mosbach , Dzmitry Bahdanau , Nicolas Chapados , Siva Reddy

Real-world applications of neural language models often involve running many different models over the same corpus. The high computational cost of these runs has led to interest in techniques that can reuse the contextualized embeddings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Jon Saad-Falcon , Amanpreet Singh , Luca Soldaini , Mike D'Arcy , Arman Cohan , Doug Downey

Sequence-to-Sequence (S2S) models have achieved remarkable success on various text generation tasks. However, learning complex structures with S2S models remains challenging as external neural modules and additional lexicons are often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Han He , Jinho D. Choi

Recent advancements in Model-Based Reinforcement Learning (MBRL) have made it a powerful tool for visual control tasks. Despite improved data efficiency, it remains challenging to train MBRL agents with generalizable perception. Training in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Kyungmin Kim , JB Lanier , Pierre Baldi , Charless Fowlkes , Roy Fox

Autoregressive decoding in Large Language Models (LLMs) generates one token per step, causing high inference latency. Speculative decoding (SD) mitigates this through a guess-and-verify strategy, but existing training-free variants face…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Zihong Zhang , Zuchao Li , Lefei Zhang , Ping Wang , Hai Zhao

Linear encoding of sparse vectors is widely popular, but is commonly data-independent -- missing any possible extra (but a priori unknown) structure beyond sparsity. In this paper we present a new method to learn linear encoders that adapt…

Integrating an external language model into a sequence-to-sequence speech recognition system is non-trivial. Previous works utilize linear interpolation or a fusion network to integrate external language models. However, these approaches…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-16 Ye Bai , Jiangyan Yi , Jianhua Tao , Zhengkun Tian , Zhengqi Wen

Neural Machine Translation model is a sequence-to-sequence converter based on neural networks. Existing models use recurrent neural networks to construct both the encoder and decoder modules. In alternative research, the recurrent networks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Ritam Mallick , Seba Susan , Vaibhaw Agrawal , Rizul Garg , Prateek Rawal

We develop a large language model (LLM) based automatic speech recognition (ASR) system that can be contextualized by providing keywords as prior information in text prompts. We adopt decoder-only architecture and use our in-house LLM,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-14 Kento Nozawa , Takashi Masuko , Toru Taniguchi

The Semantic Layered Embedding Diffusion (SLED) mechanism redefines the representation of hierarchical semantics within transformer-based architectures, enabling enhanced contextual consistency across a wide array of linguistic tasks. By…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Irin Kabakum , Thomas Montgomery , Daniel Ravenwood , Genevieve Harrington

Contextual embeddings represent a new generation of semantic representations learned from Neural Language Modelling (NLM) that addresses the issue of meaning conflation hampering traditional word embeddings. In this work, we show that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Daniel Loureiro , Alipio Jorge

The recent emergence of joint CTC-Attention model shows significant improvement in automatic speech recognition (ASR). The improvement largely lies in the modeling of linguistic information by decoder. The decoder joint-optimized with an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Xulong Zhang , Jianzong Wang , Ning Cheng , Mengyuan Zhao , Zhiyong Zhang , Jing Xiao

Extended sequence generation often leads to degradation in contextual consistency due to the inability of conventional self-attention mechanisms to effectively retain long-range dependencies. Existing approaches, including memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Jonathan Teel , Jocasta Cumberbatch , Raphael Benington , Quentin Baskerville

Current State-of-the-Art models in Named Entity Recognition (NER) are neural models with a Conditional Random Field (CRF) as the final network layer, and pre-trained "contextual embeddings". The CRF layer is used to facilitate global…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Brian Lester , Daniel Pressel , Amy Hemmeter , Sagnik Ray Choudhury

Several self-supervised learning (SSL) approaches have shown that redundancy reduction in the feature embedding space is an effective tool for representation learning. However, these methods consider a narrow notion of redundancy, focusing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 David Zollikofer , Béni Egressy , Frederik Benzing , Matthias Otth , Roger Wattenhofer

In this paper, we work on a sound recognition system that continually incorporates new sound classes. Our main goal is to develop a framework where the model can be updated without relying on labeled data. For this purpose, we propose…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-11 Zhepei Wang , Cem Subakan , Xilin Jiang , Junkai Wu , Efthymios Tzinis , Mirco Ravanelli , Paris Smaragdis