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Tasks requiring deductive reasoning, especially those involving multiple steps, often demand adaptive strategies such as intermediate generation of rationales or programs, as no single approach is universally optimal. While Language Models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Rongxing Liu , Kumar Shridhar , Manish Prajapat , Patrick Xia , Mrinmaya Sachan

Recent work on activation and latent steering has demonstrated that modifying internal representations can effectively guide large language models (LLMs) toward improved reasoning and efficiency without additional training. However, most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Tuc Nguyen , Thai Le

As LLMs gain stronger reasoning capabilities, their extended chain-of-thought introduces new degrees of complexity for defending against adversarial jailbreaks and prompt injection. We study consistency training, a family of fine-tuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Avidan Shah , Jannik Brinkmann , Rico Angell

Large reasoning models (LRMs) extend large language models with explicit multi-step reasoning traces, but this capability introduces a new class of prompt-induced inference-time denial-of-service (PI-DoS) attacks that exploit the high…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xiaogeng Liu , Xinyan Wang , Yechao Zhang , Sanjay Kariyappa , Chong Xiang , Muhao Chen , G. Edward Suh , Chaowei Xiao

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain susceptible to jailbreak exploits that bypass safety filters and induce harmful or unethical behavior. This work presents a systematic taxonomy of existing jailbreak defenses across prompt-level,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ryan Wong , Hosea David Yu Fei Ng , Dhananjai Sharma , Glenn Jun Jie Ng , Kavishvaran Srinivasan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are machine learning models that have seen widespread adoption due to their capability of handling previously difficult tasks. LLMs, due to their training, are sensitive to how exactly a question is presented,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Jae Yong Lee , Sungmin Kang , Shin Yoo

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have popularized test-time scaling, where models generate additional reasoning tokens before producing final answers. These approaches have demonstrated significant performance improvements on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Wenxun Wu , Yuanyang Li , Guhan Chen , Linyue Wang , Hongyang Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in natural language processing but face the risk of jailbreak attacks that maliciously induce them to generate harmful content. Existing jailbreak attacks, including character-level and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Bangxin Li , Hengrui Xing , Cong Tian , Chao Huang , Jin Qian , Huangqing Xiao , Linfeng Feng

Large Language Models (LLMs) are often described as instances of foundation models that possess strong generalization obeying scaling laws, and therefore transfer robustly across various conditions in few- or zero-shot manner. Such claims…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Marianna Nezhurina , Lucia Cipolina-Kun , Mehdi Cherti , Jenia Jitsev

Large language models (LLMs) have gained widespread adoption across diverse applications due to their impressive generative capabilities. Their plug-and-play nature enables both developers and end users to interact with these models through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zongze Li , Jiawei Guo , Haipeng Cai

Tool selection is a key component of LLM agents. A popular approach follows a two-step process - \emph{retrieval} and \emph{selection} - to pick the most appropriate tool from a tool library for a given task. In this work, we introduce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jiawen Shi , Zenghui Yuan , Guiyao Tie , Pan Zhou , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Lichao Sun

A key method for creating Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents is Reinforcement Learning (RL). However, constructing a standalone RL policy that maps perception to action directly encounters severe problems, chief among them being its lack…

Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Systems (MAS), which excel at collaborative decision-making and complex problem-solving. However, malicious agents in MAS may inject misinformation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yaoyang Luo , Zhi Zheng , Ziwei Zhao , Tong Xu , Zhao Jielun , Wenjun Xue , Yong Chen , Enhong Chen

Jailbreak attacks pose a serious threat to Large Language Models (LLMs) by bypassing their safety mechanisms. A truly advanced jailbreak is defined not only by its effectiveness but, more critically, by its stealthiness. However, existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jianing Geng , Biao Yi , Zekun Fei , Ruiqi He , Lihai Nie , Tong Li , Zheli Liu

Enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) is a key strategy for building Agents that "think then act." However, recent observations, like OpenAI's o3, suggest a paradox: stronger reasoning often coincides with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Chenlong Yin , Zeyang Sha , Shiwen Cui , Changhua Meng , Zechao Li

The fast advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) are driving an increasing number of applications. Together with the growing number of users, we also see an increasing number of attackers who try to outsmart these systems. They want…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Patrick Levi , Christoph P. Neumann

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown to be capable of various tasks, yet their capability in interpreting and reasoning over tabular data remains an underexplored area. In this context, this study investigates from three core…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Tianyang Liu , Fei Wang , Muhao Chen

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has transformed information access and reasoning through open-ended natural language interaction. However, LLMs remain limited by static knowledge, factual hallucinations, and the inability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Minhua Lin , Zongyu Wu , Zhichao Xu , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Qi He , Charu Aggarwal , Hui Liu , Xiang Zhang , Suhang Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into web browsers to create agentic browsing systems that execute actions on behalf of the user. Prior work considering the security of agentic browsers focuses exclusively on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Sohom Datta , Alex Nahapetyan , William Enck , Alexandros Kapravelos

Static code analysis (SCA) tools are widely used as effective ways to detect bugs and vulnerabilities in software systems. However, the reports generated by these tools often contain a large number of non-actionable findings, which can…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Tamás Aladics , Norbert Vándor , Rudolf Ferenc , Péter Hegedűs