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Imitation Learning from Observation (ILfO) is a setting in which a learner tries to imitate the behavior of an expert, using only observational data and without the direct guidance of demonstrated actions. In this paper, we re-examine…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Wei-Di Chang , Scott Fujimoto , David Meger , Gregory Dudek

Learning from observation (LfO) aims to imitate experts by learning from state-only demonstrations without requiring action labels. Existing adversarial imitation learning approaches learn a generator agent policy to produce state…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Bo-Ruei Huang , Chun-Kai Yang , Chun-Mao Lai , Dai-Jie Wu , Shao-Hua Sun

Imitation Learning (IL) algorithms offer an efficient way to train an agent by mimicking an expert's behavior without requiring a reward function. IL algorithms often necessitate access to state and action information from expert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Returaj Burnwal , Hriday Mehta , Nirav Pravinbhai Bhatt , Balaraman Ravindran

Learning from Observations (LfO) is a practical reinforcement learning scenario from which many applications can benefit through the reuse of incomplete resources. Compared to conventional imitation learning (IL), LfO is more challenging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Zhuangdi Zhu , Kaixiang Lin , Bo Dai , Jiayu Zhou

This paper studies Learning from Observations (LfO) for imitation learning with access to state-only demonstrations. In contrast to Learning from Demonstration (LfD) that involves both action and state supervision, LfO is more practical in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Chao Yang , Xiaojian Ma , Wenbing Huang , Fuchun Sun , Huaping Liu , Junzhou Huang , Chuang Gan

Imitation learning is the process by which one agent tries to learn how to perform a certain task using information generated by another, often more-expert agent performing that same task. Conventionally, the imitator has access to both…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Faraz Torabi , Garrett Warnell , Peter Stone

Humans often acquire new skills through observation and imitation. For robotic agents, learning from the plethora of unlabeled video demonstration data available on the Internet necessitates imitating the expert without access to its…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Yuyang Liu , Weijun Dong , Yingdong Hu , Chuan Wen , Zhao-Heng Yin , Chongjie Zhang , Yang Gao

Imitation learning from observation (LfO) is more preferable than imitation learning from demonstration (LfD) due to the nonnecessity of expert actions when reconstructing the expert policy from the expert data. However, previous studies…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Zhihao Cheng , Liu Liu , Aishan Liu , Hao Sun , Meng Fang , Dacheng Tao

Learning from observations (LfO) replicates expert behavior without needing access to the expert's actions, making it more practical than learning from demonstrations (LfD) in many real-world scenarios. However, directly applying the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-22 Yirui Zhou , Yunfei Jin , Xiaowei Liu , Xiaofeng Zhang , Yangchun Zhang

Imitation from observation (IfO) is the problem of learning directly from state-only demonstrations without having access to the demonstrator's actions. The lack of action information both distinguishes IfO from most of the literature in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-19 Faraz Torabi , Garrett Warnell , Peter Stone

Imitation Learning from Observation (IfO) offers a powerful way to learn behaviors at large-scale: Unlike behavior cloning or offline reinforcement learning, IfO can leverage action-free demonstrations and thus circumvents the need for…

Learning to perform tasks by leveraging a dataset of expert observations, also known as imitation learning from observations (ILO), is an important paradigm for learning skills without access to the expert reward function or the expert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Tanmay Gangwani , Yuan Zhou , Jian Peng

We study a new paradigm for sequential decision making, called offline policy learning from observations (PLfO). Offline PLfO aims to learn policies using datasets with substandard qualities: 1) only a subset of trajectories is labeled with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Anqi Li , Byron Boots , Ching-An Cheng

In imitation learning from observation IfO, a learning agent seeks to imitate a demonstrating agent using only observations of the demonstrated behavior without access to the control signals generated by the demonstrator. Recent methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Faraz Torabi , Garrett Warnell , Peter Stone

Classically, imitation learning algorithms have been developed for idealized situations, e.g., the demonstrations are often required to be collected in the exact same environment and usually include the demonstrator's actions. Recently,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Faraz Torabi , Garrett Warnell , Peter Stone

In this paper, we describe a novel approach to imitation learning that infers latent policies directly from state observations. We introduce a method that characterizes the causal effects of latent actions on observations while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Ashley D. Edwards , Himanshu Sahni , Yannick Schroecker , Charles L. Isbell

Humans often learn how to perform tasks via imitation: they observe others perform a task, and then very quickly infer the appropriate actions to take based on their observations. While extending this paradigm to autonomous agents is a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-15 Faraz Torabi , Garrett Warnell , Peter Stone

Imitation from observation is a computational technique that teaches an agent on how to mimic the behavior of an expert by observing only the sequence of states from the expert demonstrations. Recent approaches learn the inverse dynamics of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Juarez Monteiro , Nathan Gavenski , Roger Granada , Felipe Meneguzzi , Rodrigo Barros

Imitation from observation (IfO) is a learning paradigm that consists of training autonomous agents in a Markov Decision Process (MDP) by observing expert demonstrations without access to its actions. These demonstrations could be sequences…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Medric Sonwa , Johanna Hansen , Eugene Belilovsky

We consider the problem of learning from observation (LfO), in which the agent aims to mimic the expert's behavior from the state-only demonstrations by experts. We additionally assume that the agent cannot interact with the environment but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Geon-Hyeong Kim , Jongmin Lee , Youngsoo Jang , Hongseok Yang , Kee-Eung Kim
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