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In the literature, there exist several interesting hybrid models of finite automata which have both quantum and classical states. We call them semi-quantum automata. In this paper, we compare the descriptional power of these models with…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-10-06 Lvzhou Li , Daowen Qiu

We show that every two-way deterministic finite automaton (2DFA) that solves one-way liveness on height h has Omega(h^2) states. This implies a quadratic lower bound for converting one-way nondeterministic finite automata to 2DFAs, which…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Kehinde Adeogun , Christos Kapoutsis

A turn in a computation of a pushdown automaton is a switch from a phase in which the height of the pushdown store increases to a phase in which it decreases. Given a pushdown or one-counter automaton, we consider, for each string in its…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Giovanni Pighizzini

Unambiguous non-deterministic finite automata have intermediate expressive power and succinctness between deterministic and non-deterministic automata. It has been conjectured that every unambiguous non-deterministic one-way finite…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-02-15 Michael Raskin

We present several new results and connections between various extensions of finite automata through the study of vector automata and homing vector automata. We show that homing vector automata outperform extended finite automata when both…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Özlem Salehi , Abuzer Yakaryılmaz , A. C. Cem Say

Recent advancements in open-source Visual Language Models (VLMs) such as LLaVA, Qwen-VL, and Llama have catalyzed extensive research on their integration with diverse systems. The internet-scale general knowledge encapsulated within these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Cristian Gariboldi , Hayato Tokida , Ken Kinjo , Yuki Asada , Alexander Carballo

The paper is devoted to two types of algebraic models of automata. The usual (first type) model leads to the developed decomposition theory (Krohn-Rhodes theory). We introduce another type of automata model and study how these automata are…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-22 Boris Plotkin , Tatjana Plotkin

We examine different generalizations of checking stack automata by allowing multiple input heads and multiple stacks, and characterize their computing power in terms of two-way multi-head finite automata and space-bounded Turing machines.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Oscar H. Ibarra , Ian McQuillan

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have proven their capabilities in many areas in the past years, such as robotics, or automated driving, enabling technological breakthroughs. DNNs play a significant role in environment perception for the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Manuel Schwonberg , Joshua Niemeijer , Jan-Aike Termöhlen , Jörg P. Schäfer , Nico M. Schmidt , Hanno Gottschalk , Tim Fingscheidt

It is known that 2-state binary and 3-state unary probabilistic finite automata and 2-state unary quantum finite automata recognize uncountably many languages with cutpoints. These results have been obtained by associating each recognized…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Aleksejs Naumovs , Maksims Dimitrijevs , Abuzer Yakaryılmaz

Recently, a new paradigm was introduced in automata theory. The main idea is to classify regular languages according to their propensity to be sorted, establishing a deep connection between automata theory and data compression [J. ACM…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Nicola Cotumaccio

We generalize some of the central results in automata theory to the abstraction level of coalgebras and thus lay out the foundations of a universal theory of automata operating on infinite objects. Let F be any set functor that preserves…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 C. Kupke , Y. Venema

Automatic differentiation (AD) has driven recent advances in machine learning, including deep neural networks and Hamiltonian Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. Partially observed nonlinear stochastic dynamical systems have proved resistant…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-04 Kevin Tan , Giles Hooker , Edward L. Ionides

While Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) shows promise in Large Language Model (LLM) based Automatic Heuristic Design (AHD), it suffers from a critical over-exploitation tendency under the limited computational budgets required for heuristic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Kezhao Lai , Yutao Lai , Hai-Lin Liu

Computing sparse redundant representations is an important problem both in applied mathematics and neuroscience. In many applications, this problem must be solved in an energy efficient way. Here, we propose a hybrid distributed algorithm…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2012-10-05 Tao Hu , Alexander Genkin , Dmitri B. Chklovskii

Over the last decades the development of ASP has brought about an expressive modeling language powered by highly performant systems. At the same time, it gets more and more difficult to provide semantic underpinnings capturing the resulting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Pedro Cabalar , Jorge Fandinno , Torsten Schaub , Philipp Wanko

When does a deterministic computational model define a probability distribution? What are its properties? This work formalises and settles this stochasticity problem for weighted automata, and its generalisation cost register automata…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Smayan Agarwal , Aalok Thakkar

General-purpose large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in verticals such as telecommunications, where adaptation is hindered by scarce, low-information-density corpora and tight mobile/edge constraints. We propose Data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Zhicheng Zhou , Jing Li , Suming Qiu , Junjie Huang , Linyuan Qiu , Zhijie Sun

Plane-walking automata were introduced by Salo & T\"orma to recognise languages of two-dimensional infinite words (subshifts), the counterpart of $4$-way finite automata for two-dimensional finite words. We extend the model to allow for…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Benjamin Hellouin de Menibus , Pacôme Perrotin

High-dimensional, low sample-size (HDLSS) data problems have been a topic of immense importance for the last couple of decades. There is a vast literature that proposed a wide variety of approaches to deal with this situation, among which…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-09 Kaixu Yang , Tapabrata Maiti