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Related papers: Harnessing Reasoning Trajectories for Hallucinatio…

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Hallucination, i.e., generating factually incorrect content, remains a critical challenge for large language models (LLMs). We introduce TOHA, a TOpology-based HAllucination detector in the RAG setting, which leverages a topological…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in both research and real-world applications, but they still struggle with hallucination. Existing hallucination detection methods often perform poorly on sentence-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Weizhi Gao , Xiaorui Liu , Feiyi Wang , Dan Lu , Junqi Yin

Hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs) pose a significant challenge, generating misleading or unverifiable content that undermines trust and reliability. Existing evaluation methods, such as KnowHalu, employ multi-stage verification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Chenggong Zhang , Haopeng Wang , Hexi Meng

State-of-the-art abstractive summarization systems often generate \emph{hallucinations}; i.e., content that is not directly inferable from the source text. Despite being assumed incorrect, we find that much hallucinated content is factual,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Meng Cao , Yue Dong , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is widely used to augment the input to Large Language Models (LLMs) with external information, such as recent or domain-specific knowledge. Nonetheless, current models still produce closed-domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Fabian Ridder , Laurin Lessel , Malte Schilling

Recent advancements in large audio-language models (LALMs) have shown impressive capabilities in understanding and reasoning about audio and speech information. However, these models still face challenges, including hallucinating…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-03 Chun-Yi Kuan , Hung-yi Lee

This study addresses the problem of hallucinated span detection in the outputs of large language models. It has received less attention than output-level hallucination detection despite its practical importance. Prior work has shown that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yuya Ogasa , Yuki Arase

Large language models (LLMs) often generate fluent but factually incorrect statements despite having access to relevant evidence, a failure mode rooted in how they allocate attention between contextual and parametric knowledge.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Kenji Sahay , Snigdha Pandya , Rohan Nagale , Anna Lin , Shikhar Shiromani , Kevin Zhu , Dev Sunishchal

LLMs often produce fluent but incorrect answers, yet detecting such hallucinations typically requires multiple sampling passes or post-hoc verification, adding significant latency and cost. We hypothesize that intermediate layers encode…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Rohan Bhatnagar , Youran Sun , Chi Andrew Zhang , Yixin Wen , Haizhao Yang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have gained widespread adoption by application builders because they leverage sources of truth to enable Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate more factually sound responses. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Alex Shan , John Bauer , Christopher D. Manning

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive text generation capabilities, they are easily misled by untruthful contexts provided by users or knowledge augmentation tools, leading to hallucinations. To alleviate LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Tian Yu , Shaolei Zhang , Yang Feng

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has proven to be effective in mitigating hallucinations in large language models, yet its effectiveness remains limited in complex, multi-step reasoning scenarios. Recent efforts have incorporated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Wenda Wei , Yu-An Liu , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , Lixin Su , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Maarten de Rijke , Xueqi Cheng

With the large-scale adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) in various applications, there is a growing reliability concern due to their tendency to generate inaccurate text, i.e. hallucinations. In this work, we propose Cross-Layer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Malavika Suresh , Rahaf Aljundi , Ikechukwu Nkisi-Orji , Nirmalie Wiratunga

Reasoning has become a central paradigm for large language models (LLMs), consistently boosting accuracy across diverse benchmarks. Yet its suitability for precision-sensitive tasks remains unclear. We present the first systematic study of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Atoosa Chegini , Hamid Kazemi , Garrett Souza , Maria Safi , Yang Song , Samy Bengio , Sinead Williamson , Mehrdad Farajtabar

We propose CRAFT, a red-teaming alignment framework that leverages model reasoning capabilities and hidden representations to improve robustness against jailbreak attacks. Unlike prior defenses that operate primarily at the output level,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Haozheng Luo , Yimin Wang , Jiahao Yu , Binghui Wang , Yan Chen

Hallucinations in large vision--language models (LVLMs) often arise when language priors dominate over visual evidence, leading to object misidentification and visually inconsistent descriptions. We address this problem by framing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yujin Jo , Sangyoon Bae , Taesup Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse natural language processing tasks, yet they remain susceptible to hallucinations -- generating content that is factually incorrect, unfaithful to provided…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Ahmed Cherif

Large Language Models (LLMs) enhanced with retrieval, an approach known as Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), have achieved strong performance in open-domain question answering. However, RAG remains prone to hallucinations: factually…

Large language models (LLMs), despite their remarkable text generation capabilities, often hallucinate and generate text that is factually incorrect and not grounded in real-world knowledge. This poses serious risks in domains like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Raavi Gupta , Pranav Hari Panicker , Sumit Bhatia , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

Recent generations of language models have introduced Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) that generate detailed thinking processes before providing answers. While these models demonstrate improved performance on reasoning benchmarks, their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Parshin Shojaee , Iman Mirzadeh , Keivan Alizadeh , Maxwell Horton , Samy Bengio , Mehrdad Farajtabar