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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly augmented with long-term memory systems to overcome finite context windows and enable persistent reasoning across interactions. However, recent research finds that LLMs become more vulnerable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Mitchell Piehl , Zhaohan Xi , Zuobin Xiong , Pan He , Muchao Ye

Large Language Model (LLM) agents exhibit remarkable performance across diverse applications by using external tools to interact with environments. However, integrating external tools introduces security risks, such as indirect prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Qiusi Zhan , Richard Fang , Henil Shalin Panchal , Daniel Kang

A Large Language Model (LLM) powered GUI agent is a specialized autonomous system that performs tasks on the user's behalf according to high-level instructions. It does so by perceiving and interpreting the graphical user interfaces (GUIs)…

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved significant success in recent years, and they have been extended to the medical domain. Although demonstrating satisfactory performance on medical Visual Question Answering (VQA) tasks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Danfeng Guo , Demetri Terzopoulos

With the development of technology, large language models (LLMs) have dominated the downstream natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, because of the LLMs' instruction-following abilities and inability to distinguish the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yulin Chen , Haoran Li , Yuan Sui , Yangqiu Song , Bryan Hooi

The use of large language models (LLMs) in peer review systems has attracted growing attention, making it essential to examine their potential vulnerabilities. Prior attacks rely on prompt injection, which alters manuscript content and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Masahiro Kaneko

Current Cross-Modality Generation Models (GMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities in various generative tasks. Given the ubiquity and information richness of vision modality inputs in real-world scenarios, Cross-Vision tasks, encompassing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Hao Cheng , Erjia Xiao , Yichi Wang , Lingfeng Zhang , Qiang Zhang , Jiahang Cao , Kaidi Xu , Mengshu Sun , Xiaoshuai Hao , Jindong Gu , Renjing Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely deployed in applications that accept user-submitted content, such as uploaded documents or pasted text, for tasks like summarization and question answering. In this paper, we identify a new class of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Zhuotao Lian , Weiyu Wang , Qingkui Zeng , Toru Nakanishi , Teruaki Kitasuka , Chunhua Su

Phishing sites continue to grow in volume and sophistication. Recent work leverages large language models (LLMs) to analyze URLs, HTML, and rendered content to decide whether a website is a phishing site. While these approaches are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Takashi Koide , Hiroki Nakano , Daiki Chiba

Understanding the vulnerabilities of Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) to jailbreak attacks is essential for their responsible real-world deployment. Most previous work requires access to model gradients, or is based on human knowledge…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Ruoxi Cheng , Yizhong Ding , Shuirong Cao , Ranjie Duan , Xiaoshuang Jia , Shaowei Yuan , Simeng Qin , Zhiqiang Wang , Xiaojun Jia

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely deployed in real-world systems. Given their broader applicability, prompt engineering has become an efficient tool for resource-scarce organizations to adopt LLMs for their own purposes. At the same…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Piyush Jaiswal , Aaditya Pratap , Shreyansh Saraswati , Harsh Kasyap , Somanath Tripathy

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated their powerful multimodal capabilities. However, they also face serious safety problems, as adversaries can induce robustness issues in LVLMs through the use of well-designed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Yudong Zhang , Ruobing Xie , Jiansheng Chen , Xingwu Sun , Yu Wang

As LLMs are increasingly integrated into systems that browse, retrieve, summarize, and act on web content, webpages have become an untrusted input vector for downstream model behavior. This enables site owners, contributors, and adversaries…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Soheil Khodayari , Xuenan Zhang , Bhupendra Acharya , Giancarlo Pellegrino

With the significant development of large models in recent years, Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of multimodal understanding and reasoning tasks. Compared to traditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Daizong Liu , Mingyu Yang , Xiaoye Qu , Pan Zhou , Yu Cheng , Wei Hu

Application designers have moved to integrate large language models (LLMs) into their products. However, many LLM-integrated applications are vulnerable to prompt injections. While attempts have been made to address this problem by building…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Dennis Jacob , Hend Alzahrani , Zhanhao Hu , Basel Alomair , David Wagner

AI agents, predominantly powered by large language models (LLMs), are vulnerable to indirect prompt injection, in which malicious instructions embedded in untrusted data can trigger dangerous agent actions. This position paper discusses our…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Chong Xiang , Drew Zagieboylo , Shaona Ghosh , Sanjay Kariyappa , Kai Greshake , Hanshen Xiao , Chaowei Xiao , G. Edward Suh

Embodied Artificial Intelligence (AI) promises to handle edge cases in robotic vehicle systems where data is scarce by using common-sense reasoning grounded in perception and action to generalize beyond training distributions and adapt to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Luis Burbano , Diego Ortiz , Qi Sun , Siwei Yang , Haoqin Tu , Cihang Xie , Yinzhi Cao , Alvaro A Cardenas

Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to attacks like prompt injection, backdoor attacks, and adversarial attacks, which manipulate prompts or models to generate harmful outputs. In this paper, departing from traditional deep learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Huawei Lin , Yingjie Lao , Tong Geng , Tan Yu , Weijie Zhao

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) often suffer from object hallucination, which undermines their reliability. Surprisingly, we find that simple object-based visual prompting -- overlaying visual cues (e.g., bounding box, circle) on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Sangmin Woo , Kang Zhou , Yun Zhou , Shuai Wang , Sheng Guan , Haibo Ding , Lin Lee Cheong

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly considered for use in high-impact workflows, including academic peer review. However, LLMs are vulnerable to document-level hidden prompt injection attacks. In this work, we construct a dataset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Panagiotis Theocharopoulos , Ajinkya Kulkarni , Mathew Magimai. -Doss