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We study the asymptotic error of score-based diffusion model sampling in large-sample scenarios from a non-parametric statistics perspective. We show that a kernel-based score estimator achieves an optimal mean square error of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-07-25 Kaihong Zhang , Caitlyn H. Yin , Feng Liang , Jingbo Liu

We study how the divide and conquer principle --- partition the available data into subsamples, compute an estimate from each subsample and combine these appropriately to form the final estimator --- works in non-standard problems where…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-11-18 Moulinath Banerjee , Cecile Durot , Bodhisattva Sen

Proper splittings of operators are commonly used to study the convergence of iterative processes. In order to approximate solutions of operator equations, in this article we deal with proper splittings of closed range bounded linear…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-03-18 Guillermina Fongi , María Celeste Gonzalez

We investigate Lie-Trotter product formulae for abstract nonlinear evolution equations with delay. Using results from the theory of nonlinear contraction semigroups in Hilbert spaces, we explain the convergence of the splitting procedure.…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2016-07-07 András Bátkai , Petra Csomós , Bálint Farkas

In approximating solutions of nonstationary problems, various approaches are used to compute the solution at a new time level from a number of simpler (sub-)problems. Among these approaches are splitting methods. Standard splitting schemes…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-08-20 Yalchin Efendiev , Petr N. Vabishchevich

Random quantum circuits yield minimally structured models for chaotic quantum dynamics, able to capture for example universal properties of entanglement growth. We provide exact results and coarse-grained models for the spreading of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-04-18 Adam Nahum , Sagar Vijay , Jeongwan Haah

This is an expository article on the score-based diffusion models, with a particular focus on the formulation via stochastic differential equations (SDE). After a gentle introduction, we discuss the two pillars in the diffusion modeling --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Wenpin Tang , Hanyang Zhao

In contrast with the diffusion equation which smoothens the initial data to $C^\infty$ for $t>0$ (away from the corners/edges of the domain), the subdiffusion equation only exhibits limited spatial regularity. As a result, one generally…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-07-17 Buyang Li , Zongze Yang , Zhi Zhou

Diffusion and flow-based models are ubiquitously used for generative modelling and density estimation. They admit a deterministic probability flow ordinary differential equation (PF-ODE), analogous to continuous normalizing flows (CNFs),…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-19 Gurjeet Jagwani , Stephen Thorp , Sinan Deger , Hiranya Peiris

Sampling based on score diffusions has led to striking empirical results, and has attracted considerable attention from various research communities. It depends on availability of (approximate) Stein score functions for various levels of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-01 M. J. Wainwright

Diffusion models have found widespread adoption in various areas. However, their sampling process is slow because it requires hundreds to thousands of network evaluations to emulate a continuous process defined by differential equations. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Hongkai Zheng , Weili Nie , Arash Vahdat , Kamyar Azizzadenesheli , Anima Anandkumar

Sampling algorithms play an important role in controlling the quality and runtime of diffusion model inference. In recent years, a number of works~\cite{chen2023sampling,chen2023ode,benton2023error,lee2022convergence} have proposed schemes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Shivam Gupta , Linda Cai , Sitan Chen

Diffusion models are state-of-the-art methods in generative modeling when samples from a target probability distribution are available, and can be efficiently sampled, using score matching to estimate score vectors guiding a Langevin…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-21 Omar Chehab , Anna Korba

Most existing theoretical investigations of the accuracy of diffusion models, albeit significant, assume the score function has been approximated to a certain accuracy, and then use this a priori bound to control the error of generation.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yuqing Wang , Ye He , Molei Tao

Recent success of diffusion models has inspired a surge of interest in developing sampling techniques using reverse diffusion processes. However, accurately estimating the drift term in the reverse stochastic differential equation (SDE)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-22 Zhekun Shi , Longlin Yu , Tianyu Xie , Cheng Zhang

This paper considers computational methods that split a vector field into three components in the case when both the vector field and the split components might be unbounded. We first employ classical Taylor expansion which, after some…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-03-25 Arieh Iserles , Karolina Kropielnicka

In this paper, we present a novel approach that combines deep metric learning and synthetic data generation using diffusion models for out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. One popular approach for OOD detection is outlier exposure, where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Assefa Seyoum Wahd

We present a detailed analysis and implementation of a splitting strategy to identify simultaneously the local-volatility surface and the jump-size distribution from quoted European prices. The underlying model consists of a jump-diffusion…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2018-11-07 Vinicius Albani , Jorge Zubelli

We show that the Strang splitting method applied to a diffusion-reaction equation with inhomogeneous general oblique boundary conditions is of order two when the diffusion equation is solved with the Crank-Nicolson method, while order…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-04-23 Guillaume Bertoli , Christophe Besse , Gilles Vilmart

When deploying a trained machine learning model in the real world, it is inevitable to receive inputs from out-of-distribution (OOD) sources. For instance, in continual learning settings, it is common to encounter OOD samples due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Chuanwen Feng , Wenlong Chen , Ao Ke , Yilong Ren , Xike Xie , S. Kevin Zhou
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