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Video Question Answering (VideoQA) has made significant strides by leveraging multimodal learning to align visual and textual modalities. However, current benchmarks overwhelmingly focus on questions answerable through explicit visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Sirnam Swetha , Rohit Gupta , Parth Parag Kulkarni , David G Shatwell , Jeffrey A Chan Santiago , Nyle Siddiqui , Joseph Fioresi , Mubarak Shah

Large language models (LLMs) may not equitably represent diverse global perspectives on societal issues. In this paper, we develop a quantitative framework to evaluate whose opinions model-generated responses are more similar to. We first…

One type of question that is commonly found in day-to-day scenarios is ``fan-out'' questions, complex multi-hop, multi-document reasoning questions that require finding information about a large number of entities. However, there exist few…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Andrew Zhu , Alyssa Hwang , Liam Dugan , Chris Callison-Burch

In the medical domain, numerous scenarios necessitate the long-form generation ability of large language models (LLMs). Specifically, when addressing patients' questions, it is essential that the model's response conveys factual claims,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Minbyul Jeong , Hyeon Hwang , Chanwoong Yoon , Taewhoo Lee , Jaewoo Kang

Long-form question answering (LFQA) aims at generating in-depth answers to end-user questions, providing relevant information beyond the direct answer. However, existing retrievers are typically optimized towards information that directly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Philipp Christmann , Svitlana Vakulenko , Ionut Teodor Sorodoc , Bill Byrne , Adrià de Gispert

Evaluating long-form responses to research queries heavily relies on expert annotators, restricting attention to areas like AI where researchers can conveniently enlist colleagues. Yet, research expertise is abundant: survey articles…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Li S. Yifei , Allen Chang , Chaitanya Malaviya , Mark Yatskar

We present M$^3$-VQA, a novel knowledge-based Visual Question Answering (VQA) benchmark, to enhance the evaluation of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) in fine-grained multimodal entity understanding and complex multi-hop reasoning.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jiatong Ma , Longteng Guo , Yuchen Liu , Zijia Zhao , Dongze Hao , Xuanxu Lin , Jing Liu

NLP has recently made exciting progress toward training language models (LMs) with strong scientific problem-solving skills. However, model development has not focused on real-life use-cases of LMs for science, including applications in…

Reasoning about causal and temporal event relations in videos is a new destination of Video Question Answering (VideoQA).The major stumbling block to achieve this purpose is the semantic gap between language and video since they are at…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Shaoning Xiao , Long Chen , Kaifeng Gao , Zhao Wang , Yi Yang , Zhimeng Zhang , Jun Xiao

Question Answering (QA), as a research field, has primarily focused on either knowledge bases (KBs) or free text as a source of knowledge. These two sources have historically shaped the kinds of questions that are asked over these sources,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Igor Labutov , Bishan Yang , Anusha Prakash , Amos Azaria

Recent advances in multimodal vision and language modeling have predominantly focused on the English language, mostly due to the lack of multilingual multimodal datasets to steer modeling efforts. In this work, we address this gap and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Jonas Pfeiffer , Gregor Geigle , Aishwarya Kamath , Jan-Martin O. Steitz , Stefan Roth , Ivan Vulić , Iryna Gurevych

As embodied models become powerful, humans will collaborate with multiple embodied AI agents at their workplace or home in the future. To ensure better communication between human users and the multi-agent system, it is crucial to interpret…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Kangsan Kim , Yanlai Yang , Suji Kim , Woongyeong Yeo , Youngwan Lee , Mengye Ren , Sung Ju Hwang

Medical question answering (QA) benchmarks often focus on multiple-choice or fact-based tasks, leaving open-ended answers to real patient questions underexplored. This gap is particularly critical in mental health, where patient questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yahan Li , Jifan Yao , John Bosco S. Bunyi , Adam C. Frank , Angel Hsing-Chi Hwang , Ruishan Liu

Medical question-answering (QA) is a critical task for evaluating how effectively large language models (LLMs) encode clinical knowledge and assessing their potential applications in medicine. Despite showing promise on multiple-choice…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Guangfu Guo , Kai Zhang , Bryan Hoo , Yujun Cai , Xiaoqian Lu , Nanyun Peng , Yiwei Wang

Image captions serve as efficient surrogates for visual content in multimodal systems such as retrieval, recommendation, and multi-step agentic inference pipelines. Yet current evaluation practices miss a fundamental question: Can captions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Shijia Yang , Yunong Liu , Bohan Zhai , Ximeng Sun , Zicheng Liu , Emad Barsoum , Manling Li , Chenfeng Xu

In this paper, we present the mQA model, which is able to answer questions about the content of an image. The answer can be a sentence, a phrase or a single word. Our model contains four components: a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-11-04 Haoyuan Gao , Junhua Mao , Jie Zhou , Zhiheng Huang , Lei Wang , Wei Xu

Language agents are increasingly deployed in complex professional workflows, with tutoring emerging as a particularly high-stakes capability that remains largely unmeasured in existing benchmarks. Effective tutor agents require more than…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Zixin Chen , Peng Liu , Rui Sheng , Haobo Li , Jianhong Tu , Xiaodong Deng , Kashun Shum , Dayiheng Liu , Huamin Qu

LLMs have shown impressive progress in natural language processing. However, they still face significant challenges in TableQA, where real-world complexities such as diverse table structures, multilingual data, and domain-specific reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Junnan Zhu , Jingyi Wang , Bohan Yu , Xiaoyu Wu , Junbo Li , Lei Wang , Nan Xu

Personalization is essential for question answering systems that are user-centric. Despite its importance, personalization in answer generation has been relatively underexplored. This is mainly due to lack of resources for training and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Alireza Salemi , Hamed Zamani

We introduce ClarQ-LLM, an evaluation framework consisting of bilingual English-Chinese conversation tasks, conversational agents and evaluation metrics, designed to serve as a strong benchmark for assessing agents' ability to ask…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Yujian Gan , Changling Li , Jinxia Xie , Luou Wen , Matthew Purver , Massimo Poesio