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As generative technologies advance, visual content has evolved into a complex mix of natural and AI-generated images, driving the need for more efficient coding techniques that prioritize perceptual quality. Traditional codecs and learned…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Jianhui Chang

Visual autoregressive (VAR) models have recently emerged as a promising alternative for image generation, offering stable training, non-iterative inference, and high-fidelity synthesis through next-scale prediction. This encourages the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Cencen Liu , Dongyang Zhang , Wen Yin , Jielei Wang , Tianyu Li , Ji Guo , Wenbo Jiang , Guoqing Wang , Guoming Lu

Latent diffusion models have emerged as the leading approach for generating high-quality images and videos, utilizing compressed latent representations to reduce the computational burden of the diffusion process. While recent advancements…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Ivan Skorokhodov , Sharath Girish , Benran Hu , Willi Menapace , Yanyu Li , Rameen Abdal , Sergey Tulyakov , Aliaksandr Siarohin

The application of diffusion transformers is suffering from their significant inference costs. Recently, feature caching has been proposed to solve this problem by reusing features from previous timesteps, thereby skipping computation in…

Vector quantization (VQ) is a key component in discrete tokenizers for image generation, but its training is often unstable due to straight-through estimation bias, one-step-behind updates, and sparse codebook gradients, which lead to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Yifan Chang , Jie Qin , Limeng Qiao , Xiaofeng Wang , Zheng Zhu , Lin Ma , Xingang Wang

Long-context inference is increasingly a memory-traffic problem. The culprit is the key--value (KV) cache: it grows with context length, batch size, layers, and heads, and it is read at every decoding step. Rotation-based scalar codecs meet…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Namyoon Lee , Yongjune Kim

Scale-invariance is an open problem in many computer vision subfields. For example, object labels should remain constant across scales, yet model predictions diverge in many cases. This problem gets harder for tasks where the ground-truth…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Oliver Wiedemann , Vlad Hosu , Shaolin Su , Dietmar Saupe

Efficiently encoding classical visual data into quantum states is essential for realizing practical quantum neural networks (QNNs). However, existing encoding schemes often discard spatial and semantic information when adapting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Yuhu Lu , Jinjing Shi

Product Quantization (PQ) has long been a mainstream for generating an exponentially large codebook at very low memory/time cost. Despite its success, PQ is still tricky for the decomposition of high-dimensional vector space, and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Lianli Gao , Xiaosu Zhu , Jingkuan Song , Zhou Zhao , Heng Tao Shen

PICNet pioneered the generation of multiple and diverse results for image completion task, but it required a careful balance between $\mathcal{KL}$ loss (diversity) and reconstruction loss (quality), resulting in a limited diversity and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Chuanxia Zheng , Guoxian Song , Tat-Jen Cham , Jianfei Cai , Dinh Phung , Linjie Luo

Diffusion model-based image restoration (IR) aims to use diffusion models to recover high-quality (HQ) images from degraded images, achieving promising performance. Due to the inherent property of diffusion models, most existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Jiezhang Cao , Yue Shi , Kai Zhang , Yulun Zhang , Radu Timofte , Luc Van Gool

Discrete image tokenization is a key bottleneck for scalable visual generation: a tokenizer must remain compact for efficient latent-space priors while preserving semantic structure and using discrete capacity effectively. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Idil Bilge Altun , Mert Onur Cakiroglu , Elham Buxton , Mehmet Dalkilic , Hasan Kurban

Although recent efforts in image quality assessment (IQA) have achieved promising performance, there still exists a considerable gap compared to the human visual system (HVS). One significant disparity lies in humans' seamless transition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Yi Ke Yun , Weisi Lin

The emergence of fine-grained numerical formats like NVFP4 presents new opportunities for efficient Large Language Model (LLM) inference. However, it is difficult to adapt existing Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) strategies to these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Haoqian Meng , Yilun Luo , Yafei Zhao , Wenyuan Liu , Peng Zhang , Xindian Ma

Pixel-space diffusion has re-emerged as a promising alternative to latent-space generation because it avoids the representation bottleneck introduced by VAEs. Yet most existing methods still treat image generation as a frequency-homogeneous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Mingfeng Lin , Jiakun Chen , Liang Han , Liqiang Nie

Distributed functional scalar quantization (DFSQ) theory provides optimality conditions and predicts performance of data acquisition systems in which a computation on acquired data is desired. We address two limitations of previous works:…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-24 John Z. Sun , Vinith Misra , Vivek K Goyal

Recent advances in autoregressive (AR) models with continuous tokens for image generation show promising results by eliminating the need for discrete tokenization. However, these models face efficiency challenges due to their sequential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Zhihang Yuan , Yuzhang Shang , Hanling Zhang , Tongcheng Fang , Rui Xie , Bingxin Xu , Yan Yan , Shengen Yan , Guohao Dai , Yu Wang

Full-reference image quality assessment (FR-IQA) generally assumes that reference images are of perfect quality. However, this assumption is flawed due to the sensor and optical limitations of modern imaging systems. Moreover, recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Du Chen , Tianhe Wu , Kede Ma , Lei Zhang

Generative neural image compression supports data representation at extremely low bitrate, synthesizing details at the client and consistently producing highly realistic images. By leveraging the similarities between quantization error and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-04 Lucas Relic , Roberto Azevedo , Yang Zhang , Markus Gross , Christopher Schroers

Image tokenizers are crucial for visual generative models, e.g., diffusion models (DMs) and autoregressive (AR) models, as they construct the latent representation for modeling. Increasing token length is a common approach to improve the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Xiang Li , Kai Qiu , Hao Chen , Jason Kuen , Jiuxiang Gu , Bhiksha Raj , Zhe Lin