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Large language models like ChatGPT efficiently provide users with information about various topics, presenting a potential substitute for searching the web and asking people for help online. But since users interact privately with the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Maria del Rio-Chanona , Nadzeya Laurentsyeva , Johannes Wachs

Chatbot is a machine with the ability to answer automatically through a conversational interface. A chatbot is considered as one of the most exceptional and promising expressions of human computer interaction. Voice-based chatbots or…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Sagina Athikkal , John Jenq

This study examines the performance of ChatGPT with an experiment in the legal domain. We compare the outcome with it a baseline using regular expressions (Regex), rather than focusing solely on the assessment against human performance. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Marianna Molinari , Ilaria Angela Amantea , Marinella Quaranta , Guido Governatori

Currently artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled chatbots are capturing the hearts and imaginations of the public at large. Chatbots that users can build and personalize, as well as pre-designed avatars ready for users' selection, all of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Joni-Roy Piispanen , Tinja Myllyviita , Ville Vakkuri , Rebekah Rousi

Chatbots shifted from rule-based to artificial intelligence techniques and gained traction in medicine, shopping, customer services, food delivery, education, and research. OpenAI developed ChatGPT blizzard on the Internet as it crossed one…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Attia Qammar , Hongmei Wang , Jianguo Ding , Abdenacer Naouri , Mahmoud Daneshmand , Huansheng Ning

Web accessibility ensures that individuals with disabilities can access and interact with digital content without barriers, yet a significant majority of most used websites fail to meet accessibility standards. This study evaluates…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Ammar Ahmed , Margarida Fresco , Fredrik Forsberg , Hallvard Grotli

Generative AI models continue to become more powerful. The launch of ChatGPT in November 2022 has ushered in a new era of AI. ChatGPT and other similar chatbots have a range of capabilities, from answering student homework questions to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Yanchen Wang , Lisa Singh

With the development of blockchain technology, smart contracts have become an important component of blockchain applications. Despite their crucial role, the development of smart contracts may introduce vulnerabilities and potentially lead…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Chong Chen , Jianzhong Su , Jiachi Chen , Yanlin Wang , Tingting Bi , Jianxing Yu , Yanli Wang , Xingwei Lin , Ting Chen , Zibin Zheng

Generative large-scale language models create the fifth paradigm of scientific research, organically combine data science and computational intelligence, transform the research paradigm of natural language processing and multimodal…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Jiangfeng Liu , Ziyi Wang , Jing Xie , Lei Pei

As one of the most enduring metaphors within legal discourse, the marketplace of ideas has wielded considerable influence over the jurisprudential landscape for decades. A century after the inception of this theory, ChatGPT emerged as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Jiawei Zhang

In the era of sustainable smart agriculture, a massive amount of agricultural news text is being posted on the Internet, in which massive agricultural knowledge has been accumulated. In this context, it is urgent to explore effective text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Biao Zhao , Weiqiang Jin , Javier Del Ser , Guang Yang

The European Union's Digital Services Act (DSA) introduced regulatory mechanisms which serve as a way to manage harmful content online. The recognition of Trusted Flaggers (TFs) is one such mechanism which accredits entities with…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Marie-Therese Sekwenz , Kyle Beadle , Simon Parkin

In this study we argue that integrating ChatGPT into the data processing pipeline of automated sensors in precision agriculture has the potential to bring several benefits and enhance various aspects of modern farming practices. Policy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Ilyas Potamitis

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly integrated into education, university students preparing for English language tests are frequently shifting between traditional search engines like Google and large language models (LLMs)…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Tarek Rahman , Md Shaharia Hossen , Mark Protik Mondol , Jannatun Noor Mukta

With the introduction of ChatGPT, Large Language Models (LLMs) have received enormous attention in healthcare. Despite their potential benefits, researchers have underscored various ethical implications. While individual instances have…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Joschka Haltaufderheide , Robert Ranisch

Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPTs), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, have proven effective in content generation and productivity enhancement. However, legal risks associated with these tools lead to adoption…

General Economics · Economics 2025-04-03 Cathy Yang , David Restrepo Amariles , Leo Allen , Aurore Troussel

Following the Digital Services Act of 2023, which requires Very Large Online Platforms (VLOPs) and Very Large Online Search Engines (VLOSEs) to facilitate data accessibility for independent research, TikTok augmented its Research API access…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Carlos Entrena-Serrano , Martin Degeling , Salvatore Romano , Raziye Buse Çetin

Artificial intelligence is gaining traction in more ways than ever before. The popularity of language models and AI-based businesses has soared since ChatGPT was made available to the general public via OpenAI. It is becoming increasingly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Prabin Sharma , Kisan Thapa , Dikshya Thapa , Prastab Dhakal , Mala Deep Upadhaya , Santosh Adhikari , Salik Ram Khanal

Cybersecurity breaches targeting electrical substations constitute a significant threat to the integrity of the power grid, necessitating comprehensive defense and mitigation strategies. Any anomaly in information and communication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Aydin Zaboli , Seong Lok Choi , Tai-Jin Song , Junho Hong

Data protection regulations, such as GDPR and CCPA, require websites and embedded third-parties, especially advertisers, to seek user consent before they can collect and process user data. Only when the users opt in, can these entities…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Zengrui Liu , Umar Iqbal , Nitesh Saxena