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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language tasks, but their safety and morality remain contentious due to their training on internet text corpora. To address these concerns, alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Mohammad Bahrami Karkevandi , Nishant Vishwamitra , Peyman Najafirad

Can we trust Large Language Models (LLMs) to accurately predict scam? This paper investigates the vulnerabilities of LLMs when facing adversarial scam messages for the task of scam detection. We addressed this issue by creating a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Chen-Wei Chang , Shailik Sarkar , Shutonu Mitra , Qi Zhang , Hossein Salemi , Hemant Purohit , Fengxiu Zhang , Michin Hong , Jin-Hee Cho , Chang-Tien Lu

Benchmarking outcomes increasingly govern trust, selection, and deployment of LLMs, yet these evaluations remain vulnerable to semantically equivalent adversarial perturbations. Prior work on adversarial robustness in NLP has emphasized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Ivan Dubrovsky , Anastasia Orlova , Illarion Iov , Nina Gubina , Irena Gureeva , Alexey Zaytsev

Audio DeepFakes (DF) are artificially generated utterances created using deep learning, with the primary aim of fooling the listeners in a highly convincing manner. Their quality is sufficient to pose a severe threat in terms of security…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Piotr Kawa , Marcin Plata , Piotr Syga

As artificial intelligence (AI) assistants become more widely adopted in safety-critical domains, it becomes important to develop safeguards against potential failures or adversarial attacks. A key prerequisite to developing these…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Abed Kareem Musaffar , Anand Gokhale , Sirui Zeng , Rasta Tadayon , Xifeng Yan , Ambuj Singh , Francesco Bullo

Nowadays, numerous applications incorporate machine learning (ML) algorithms due to their prominent achievements. However, many studies in the field of computer vision have shown that ML can be fooled by intentionally crafted instances,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Islam Debicha , Benjamin Cochez , Tayeb Kenaza , Thibault Debatty , Jean-Michel Dricot , Wim Mees

While multi-agent LLM systems show strong capabilities in various domains, they are highly vulnerable to adversarial and low-performing agents. To resolve this issue, in this paper, we introduce a general and adversary-resistant multi-agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Sana Ebrahimi , Mohsen Dehghankar , Abolfazl Asudeh

Large Language Models (LLMs) are swiftly advancing in architecture and capability, and as they integrate more deeply into complex systems, the urgency to scrutinize their security properties grows. This paper surveys research in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Erfan Shayegani , Md Abdullah Al Mamun , Yu Fu , Pedram Zaree , Yue Dong , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh

Large Language Model (LLM)-powered agents demonstrate strong capabilities in autonomous task execution, tool use, and multi-step reasoning. However, their increasing autonomy also introduces a new attack surface: adversarial interactions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Sheldon Yu , Yingcheng Sun , Hanqing Guo , Julian McAuley , Qianqian Tong

Large language models (LLMs) aligned for safety through techniques like reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) often exhibit emergent deceptive behaviors, where outputs appear compliant but subtly mislead or omit critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Santhosh Kumar Ravindran

Peer review is essential for maintaining academic quality, but the increasing volume of submissions places a significant burden on reviewers. Large language models (LLMs) offer potential assistance in this process, yet their susceptibility…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Tzu-Ling Lin , Wei-Chih Chen , Teng-Fang Hsiao , Hou-I Liu , Ya-Hsin Yeh , Yu Kai Chan , Wen-Sheng Lien , Po-Yen Kuo , Philip S. Yu , Hong-Han Shuai

Large language models (LLMs) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks that can elicit harmful responses. Defending against such attacks remains challenging due to the opacity of jailbreaking mechanisms and the high computational cost of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Lei Yu , Virginie Do , Karen Hambardzumyan , Nicola Cancedda

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to achieve impressive results for many reasoning-based NLP tasks, suggesting a degree of deductive reasoning capability. However, it remains unclear to which extent LLMs, in both informal and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Fabian Hoppe , Filip Ilievski , Jan-Christoph Kalo

Building an effective adversarial attacker and elaborating on countermeasures for adversarial attacks for natural language processing (NLP) have attracted a lot of research in recent years. However, most of the existing approaches focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Wenjuan Han , Liwen Zhang , Yong Jiang , Kewei Tu

Large language models (LLMs) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks that add malicious tokens to an input prompt to bypass the safety guardrails of an LLM and cause it to produce harmful content. In this work, we introduce erase-and-check,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Aounon Kumar , Chirag Agarwal , Suraj Srinivas , Aaron Jiaxun Li , Soheil Feizi , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems based on Large Language Models (LLMs) have become essential for tasks such as question answering and content generation. However, their increasing impact on public opinion and information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Yuyang Gong , Zhuo Chen , Jiawei Liu , Miaokun Chen , Fengchang Yu , Wei Lu , Xiaofeng Wang , Xiaozhong Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate content that is as persuasive as human-written text and appear capable of selectively producing deceptive outputs. These capabilities raise concerns about potential misuse and unintended…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Cameron R. Jones , Benjamin K. Bergen

As the deployment of NLP systems in critical applications grows, ensuring the robustness of large language models (LLMs) against adversarial attacks becomes increasingly important. Large language models excel in various NLP tasks but remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Zhenning Yang , Ryan Krawec , Liang-Yuan Wu

Robust verbal confidence generated by large language models (LLMs) is crucial for the deployment of LLMs to help ensure transparency, trust, and safety in many applications, including those involving human-AI interactions. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Stephen Obadinma , Xiaodan Zhu

The safety defense methods of Large language models(LLMs) stays limited because the dangerous prompts are manually curated to just few known attack types, which fails to keep pace with emerging varieties. Recent studies found that attaching…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Hao Wang , Hao Li , Minlie Huang , Lei Sha