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Fact-checking systems with search-enabled large language models (LLMs) have shown strong potential for verifying claims by dynamically retrieving external evidence. However, the robustness of such systems against adversarial attack remains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Haoran Ou , Kangjie Chen , Gelei Deng , Hangcheng Liu , Jie Zhang , Tianwei Zhang , Kwok-Yan Lam

In an era where misinformation spreads freely, fact-checking (FC) plays a crucial role in verifying claims and promoting reliable information. While automated fact-checking (AFC) has advanced significantly, existing systems remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Fanzhen Liu , Alsharif Abuadbba , Kristen Moore , Surya Nepal , Cecile Paris , Jia Wu , Jian Yang , Quan Z. Sheng

Automated evidence-based misinformation detection systems, which evaluate the veracity of short claims against evidence, lack comprehensive analysis of their adversarial vulnerabilities. Existing black-box text-based adversarial attacks are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Mazal Bethany , Nishant Vishwamitra , Cho-Yu Jason Chiang , Peyman Najafirad

Automated fact-checking is a needed technology to curtail the spread of online misinformation. One current framework for such solutions proposes to verify claims by retrieving supporting or refuting evidence from related textual sources.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Yibing Du , Antoine Bosselut , Christopher D. Manning

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into the scientific peer-review process, raising new questions about their reliability and resilience to manipulation. In this work, we investigate the potential for hidden…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Matteo Gioele Collu , Umberto Salviati , Roberto Confalonieri , Mauro Conti , Giovanni Apruzzese

Large Language Models (LLMs) are valuable for text classification, but their vulnerabilities must not be disregarded. They lack robustness against adversarial examples, so it is pertinent to understand the impacts of different types of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 João Vitorino , Eva Maia , Isabel Praça

Automated fact-checking (AFC) still falters on claims that are time-sensitive, entity-ambiguous, or buried beneath noisy search-engine results. We present PASS-FC, a Progressive and Adaptive Search Scheme for Fact Checking. Each atomic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ziyu Zhuang

Deep learning-based natural language processing (NLP) models, particularly pre-trained language models (PLMs), have been revealed to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks. However, the adversarial examples generated by many mainstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Zimu Wang , Wei Wang , Qi Chen , Qiufeng Wang , Anh Nguyen

Adversarial purification is a defense mechanism for safeguarding classifiers against adversarial attacks without knowing the type of attacks or training of the classifier. These techniques characterize and eliminate adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Raha Moraffah , Shubh Khandelwal , Amrita Bhattacharjee , Huan Liu

Latent-factor models (LFM) based on collaborative filtering (CF), such as matrix factorization (MF) and deep CF methods, are widely used in modern recommender systems (RS) due to their excellent performance and recommendation accuracy.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Yashar Deldjoo , Tommaso Di Noia , Felice Antonio Merra

The wide-ranging applications of large language models (LLMs), especially in safety-critical domains, necessitate the proper evaluation of the LLM's adversarial robustness. This paper proposes an efficient tool to audit the LLM's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Xilie Xu , Keyi Kong , Ning Liu , Lizhen Cui , Di Wang , Jingfeng Zhang , Mohan Kankanhalli

With the great advancements in large language models (LLMs), adversarial attacks against LLMs have recently attracted increasing attention. We found that pre-existing adversarial attack methodologies exhibit limited transferability and are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Zelin Li , Kehai Chen , Lemao Liu , Xuefeng Bai , Mingming Yang , Yang Xiang , Min Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in autonomous systems and public-facing environments, yet they remain susceptible to jailbreak vulnerabilities that may undermine their security and trustworthiness. Adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-15 David Khachaturov , Robert Mullins

Online fake news profoundly distorts public judgment and erodes trust in social platforms. While existing detectors achieve competitive performance on benchmark datasets, they remain notably vulnerable to malicious comments designed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Zhao Tong , Chunlin Gong , Yimeng Gu , Haichao Shi , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Xiao-Yu Zhang

The use of large language models (LLMs) in peer review systems has attracted growing attention, making it essential to examine their potential vulnerabilities. Prior attacks rely on prompt injection, which alters manuscript content and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Masahiro Kaneko

Knowledge poisoning poses a critical threat to Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems by injecting adversarial content into knowledge bases, tricking Large Language Models (LLMs) into producing attacker-controlled outputs grounded in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yutao Wu , Xiao Liu , Yinghui Li , Yifeng Gao , Yifan Ding , Jiale Ding , Xiang Zheng , Xingjun Ma

As large language models take on growing roles as automated evaluators in practical settings, a critical question arises: Can individuals persuade an LLM judge to assign unfairly high scores? This study is the first to reveal that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yerin Hwang , Dongryeol Lee , Taegwan Kang , Yongil Kim , Kyomin Jung

Pre-trained contextualized language models (PrLMs) have led to strong performance gains in downstream natural language understanding tasks. However, PrLMs can still be easily fooled by adversarial word substitution, which is one of the most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Rongzhou Bao , Jiayi Wang , Hai Zhao

In recent years, large pre-trained language models (PLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on many natural language processing benchmarks. Despite their success, prior studies have shown that PLMs are vulnerable to attacks from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Shuguang Chen , Leonardo Neves , Thamar Solorio

Automated Code Review (ACR) systems integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted in software development workflows, ranging from interactive assistants to autonomous agents in CI/CD pipelines. In this paper, we study…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Dimitris Mitropoulos , Nikolaos Alexopoulos , Georgios Alexopoulos , Diomidis Spinellis
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