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Agents equipped with search tools have emerged as effective solutions for knowledge-intensive tasks. While Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit strong reasoning capabilities, their high computational cost limits practical deployment for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yizhou Liu , Qi Sun , Yulin Chen , Siyue Zhang , Chen Zhao

Large Language Models with transformer architecture have revolutionized the domain of text generation, setting unprecedented benchmarks. Despite their impressive capabilities, LLMs have been criticized for generating outcomes that deviate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Aline Ioste

Recent progress in natural language processing (NLP) owes much to remarkable advances in large language models (LLMs). Nevertheless, LLMs frequently "hallucinate," resulting in non-factual outputs. Our carefully-designed human evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Jian Guan , Jesse Dodge , David Wadden , Minlie Huang , Hao Peng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown their ability to collaborate effectively with humans in real-world scenarios. However, LLMs are apt to generate hallucinations, i.e., makeup incorrect text and unverified information, which can cause…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Shiping Yang , Renliang Sun , Xiaojun Wan

Language models have shown strong capabilities across a wide range of tasks in software engineering, such as code generation, yet they suffer from hallucinations. While hallucinations have been studied independently in natural language and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Chunhua Liu , Hong Yi Lin , Patanamon Thongtanunam

Recent work has demonstrated state-of-the-art results in large language model (LLM) hallucination detection and mitigation through consistency-based approaches which involve aggregating multiple responses sampled from a single LLM for a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Demian Till , John Smeaton , Peter Haubrick , Gouse Saheb , Florian Graef , David Berman

Large language models (LLMs) can generate fluent responses, but sometimes hallucinate facts. In this paper, we investigate whether LLMs can detect their own hallucinations. We formulate hallucination detection as a classification task of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Sora Kadotani , Kosuke Nishida , Kyosuke Nishida

Large language models (LLMs) often fail to scale their performance on long-context tasks performance in line with the context lengths they support. This gap is commonly attributed to retrieval failures -- the models' inability to identify…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yufeng Du , Minyang Tian , Srikanth Ronanki , Subendhu Rongali , Sravan Bodapati , Aram Galstyan , Azton Wells , Roy Schwartz , Eliu A Huerta , Hao Peng

Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable fluency across linguistic and reasoning tasks but remain systematically prone to hallucination. Prevailing accounts attribute hallucinations to data gaps, limited context, or optimization…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Richard Ackermann , Simeon Emanuilov

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown capabilities close to human performance in various analytical tasks, leading researchers to use them for time and labor-intensive analyses. However, their capability to handle highly specialized and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Alexander S. Choi , Syeda Sabrina Akter , JP Singh , Antonios Anastasopoulos

Results on existing LLM benchmarks capture little information over the model capabilities in low-resource tasks, making it difficult to develop effective solutions in these domains. To address these challenges, we curated 14 travel-domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Srinivas Billa , Xiaonan Jing

Multi-round incomplete information tasks are crucial for evaluating the lateral thinking capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Currently, research primarily relies on multiple benchmarks and automated evaluation metrics to assess…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Wenhan Dong , Tianyi Hu , Jingyi Zheng , Zhen Sun , Yuemeng Zhao , Yule Liu , Xinlei He , Xinyi Huang

Model hallucination is one of the most critical challenges faced by Large Language Models (LLMs), especially in high-stakes code intelligence tasks. As LLMs become increasingly integrated into software engineering tasks, understanding and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Cuiyun Gao , Guodong Fan , Chun Yong Chong , Shizhan Chen , Chao Liu , David Lo , Zibin Zheng , Qing Liao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained widespread adoption in various natural language processing tasks, including question answering and dialogue systems. However, a major drawback of LLMs is the issue of hallucination, where they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Yuyan Chen , Qiang Fu , Yichen Yuan , Zhihao Wen , Ge Fan , Dayiheng Liu , Dongmei Zhang , Zhixu Li , Yanghua Xiao

Large language models (LLMs) hallucinate: they produce fluent outputs that are factually incorrect. We present a geometric dynamical systems framework in which hallucinations arise from task-dependent basin structure in latent space. Using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Kalyan Cherukuri , Lav R. Varshney

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful foundational models to solve a variety of tasks, they have also been shown to be prone to hallucinations, i.e., generating responses that sound confident but are actually incorrect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jiawei Li , Akshayaa Magesh , Venugopal V. Veeravalli

Large language models (LLMs), despite their remarkable text generation capabilities, often hallucinate and generate text that is factually incorrect and not grounded in real-world knowledge. This poses serious risks in domains like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Raavi Gupta , Pranav Hari Panicker , Sumit Bhatia , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has marked a significant breakthrough in natural language processing (NLP), fueling a paradigm shift in information acquisition. Nevertheless, LLMs are prone to hallucination, generating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Lei Huang , Weijiang Yu , Weitao Ma , Weihong Zhong , Zhangyin Feng , Haotian Wang , Qianglong Chen , Weihua Peng , Xiaocheng Feng , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

In this paper we explore hallucinations and related capability limitations in LLMs and LLM-based agents from the perspective of computational complexity. We show that beyond a certain complexity, LLMs are incapable of carrying out…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Varin Sikka , Vishal Sikka

Large language models (LLMs) frequently generate hallucinations-content that deviates from factual accuracy or provided context-posing challenges for diagnosis due to the complex interplay of underlying causes. This paper introduces a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Yiyou Sun , Yu Gai , Lijie Chen , Abhilasha Ravichander , Yejin Choi , Dawn Song