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In active systems, whose constituents have non-equilibrium dynamics at local level, fluid-fluid phase separation is widely observed. Examples include the formation of membraneless organelles within cells; the clustering of self-propelled…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-07-11 M. E. Cates , C. Nardini

Recent theories predict phase separation among orientationally disordered active particles whose propulsion speed decreases rapidly enough with density. Coarse-grained models of this process show time-reversal symmetry (detailed balance) to…

The kinetic separation of repulsive active Brownian particles into a dense and a dilute phase is analyzed using a systematic coarse-graining strategy. We derive an effective Cahn-Hilliard equation on large length and time scales, which…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2014-06-02 Thomas Speck , Julian Bialké , Andreas M. Menzel , Hartmut Löwen

We establish the criterion for the phase coexistence in a mixture of nonreciprocally interacting scalar densities. For an arbitrary number of components the active pressure exists for a specific class of interactions, and when the free…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-02-16 Suropriya Saha

Differences in activities in colloidal particles are sufficient to drive phase separation between active and passive (or less active) particles, even if they have only excluded volume interactions. In this paper, we study the phase…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-05-27 Efe Ilker , Jean-François Joanny

Recently, we have derived an effective Cahn-Hilliard equation for the phase separation dynamics of active Brownian particles by performing a weakly non-linear analysis of the effective hydrodynamic equations for density and polarization…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-15 Thomas Speck , Andreas M. Menzel , Julian Bialké , Hartmut Löwen

We propose an active Cahn-Hilliard theory for the dynamics of a new type of phase transition where the driving force is not the direct interactions between the two separating components, but their active sorting by a third polar species.…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-04-02 Sudipta Pattanayak , Alfredo Sciortino , Laurent Blanchoin , Manuel Théry , Jean-Francois Joanny

Phase separation routinely occurs in both living and synthetic systems. These phases are often complex and distinguished by features including crystallinity, nematic order, and a host of other nonconserved order parameters. For systems at…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-08 Daniel Evans , Ahmad K. Omar

It is known that purely repulsive self-propelled colloids can undergo bulk liquid-vapor phase separation. In experiments and large scale simulations, however, more complex steady states are also seen, comprising a dynamic population of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2018-10-03 Elsen Tjhung , Cesare Nardini , Michael E. Cates

Active phase separations evade canonical thermodynamic descriptions and have thus challenged our understanding of coexistence and interfacial phenomena. Considerable progress has been made towards a non-equilibrium theoretical description…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-04-21 Luke Langford , Ahmad K. Omar

In passive fluid-fluid phase separation, a single interfacial tension sets both the capillary fluctuations of the interface and the rate of Ostwald ripening. We show that these phenomena are governed by two different tensions in active…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-08-11 Giordano Fausti , Elsen Tjhung , Michael Cates , Cesare Nardini

Non-aligning self-propelled particles with purely repulsive excluded volume interactions undergo athermal motility-induced phase separation into a dilute gas and a dense cluster phase. Here, we use enhanced sampling computational methods…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-10-05 Gabriel S. Redner , Caleb G. Wagner , Aparna Baskaran , Michael F. Hagan

The process of phase separation of binary systems is described by the Cahn-Hilliard equation. The main objective of this article is to give a classification on the dynamic phase transitions for binary systems using either the classical…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-03-12 Tian Ma , Shouhong Wang

We study a non-reciprocal version of Model B, as the continuum theory for non-reciprocal particle mixtures. In contrast to non-reciprocal Cahn-Hilliard models, it is important in this context to consider the dependence of mobility…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-08-06 Bibhut Sahoo , Rituparno Mandal , Peter Sollich

A prototypical model of symmetry-broken active matter -- biased quorum-sensing active particles (bQSAPs) -- is used to extend notions of dynamic critical phenomena to the paradigmatic setting of driven transport, where characteristic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-06-26 Richard E. Spinney , Richard G. Morris

Pair interactions between active particles need not follow Newton's third law. In this work we propose a continuum model of pattern formation due to non-reciprocal interaction between multiple species of scalar active matter. The classical…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-10-21 Suropriya Saha , Jaime Agudo-Canalejo , Ramin Golestanian

Motility-induced phase separation (MIPS) leads to cohesive active matter in the absence of cohesive forces. We present, extend and illustrate a recent generalized thermodynamic formalism which accounts for its binodal curve. Using this…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-10-11 Alexandre P. Solon , Joakim Stenhammar , Michael E. Cates , Yariv Kafri , Julien Tailleur

If a binary liquid mixture, composed of two alternative species with equal amounts, is quenched from a high temperature to a low temperature, below the critical point of demixing, then the mixture will phase separate through a process known…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-02-04 Thomas J. Longo , Mikhail A. Anisimov

Active Brownian particles (ABPs), when subject to purely repulsive interactions, are known to undergo activity-induced phase separation broadly resembling an equilibrium (attraction-induced) gas-liquid coexistence. Here we present an…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2013-10-04 Joakim Stenhammar , Adriano Tiribocchi , Rosalind J. Allen , Davide Marenduzzo , Michael E. Cates

New insights into phase separation in colloidal suspensions are provided via a new dynamical theory based on the Polydisperse Lattice-Gas model. The model gives a simplified description of polydisperse colloids, incorporating a hard-core…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-08-03 Pablo de Castro , Peter Sollich
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