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We introduce a Bayesian method for the estimation of single qubit errors in quantum devices, and use it to characterize these errors on three 27-qubit superconducting qubit devices. We self-consistently estimate up to seven parameters of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-29 Haggai Landa , Dekel Meirom , Naoki Kanazawa , Mattias Fitzpatrick , Christopher J. Wood

Phase estimation, due to Kitaev [arXiv'95], is one of the most fundamental subroutines in quantum computing. In the basic scenario, one is given black-box access to a unitary $U$, and an eigenstate $\lvert \psi \rangle$ of $U$ with unknown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-15 Nikhil S. Mande , Ronald de Wolf

Quantum phase estimation is a central primitive in quantum algorithms and sensing, where performance is governed by the sensitivity of measurement signals to the target parameter. While existing methods have developed increasingly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Zikang Jia , Suying Liu , Yulong Dong

Quantum-phase-estimation algorithms are critical subroutines in many applications for quantum computers and in quantum-metrology protocols. These algorithms estimate the unknown strength of a unitary evolution. By using coherence or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-06 Joseph G. Smith , Crispin H. W. Barnes , David R. M. Arvidsson-Shukur

Quantum state estimation aims at determining the quantum state from observed data. Estimating the full state can require considerable efforts, but one is often only interested in a few properties of the state, such as the fidelity with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-15 Xikun Li , Jiangwei Shang , Hui Khoon Ng , Berthold-Georg Englert

Quantum bits, or qubits, are the fundamental building blocks of present quantum computers. Hence, it is important to be able to characterize the state of a qubit as accurately as possible. By evaluating the qubit characterization problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-27 Bacui Li , Lorcan O. Conlon , Ping Koy Lam , Syed M. Assad

Ubiquitous in quantum computing is the step to encode data into a quantum state. This process is called quantum state preparation, and its complexity for non-structured data is exponential on the number of qubits. Several works address this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-28 Israel F. Araujo , Carsten Blank , Ismael C. S. Araújo , Adenilton J. da Silva

We introduce a classical estimator for the post-processing of quantum phase estimation data generated either by quantum-Fourier-transform-based or quantum-signal-processing-based methods. We focus on the estimation of a single target phase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Alicja Dutkiewicz , Thomas E. O'Brien , Stefano Polla

We propose a general-purpose quantum algorithm for preparing ground states of quantum Hamiltonians from a given trial state. The algorithm is based on techniques recently developed in the context of solving the quantum linear systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-05 Yimin Ge , Jordi Tura , J. Ignacio Cirac

Debugging quantum states transformations is an important task of modern quantum computing. The use of quantum tomography for these purposes significantly expands the range of possibilities. However, the presence of preparation and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-11 B. I. Bantysh , Yu. I. Bogdanov

We present the first experimental demonstration of the maximum confidence measurement strategy for quantum state discrimination. Applying this strategy to an arbitrary set of states assigns to each input state a measurement outcome which,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Peter J. Mosley , Sarah Croke , Ian A. Walmsley , Stephen M. Barnett

Quantum state preparation involves preparing a target state from an initial system, a process integral to applications such as quantum machine learning and solving systems of linear equations. Recently, there has been a growing interest in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-08 Shuwen Kan , Miguel Palma , Zefan Du , Samuel A Stein , Chenxu Liu , Juntao Chen , Ang Li , Ying Mao

We revisit quantum phase estimation algorithms for the purpose of obtaining the energy levels of many-body Hamiltonians and pay particular attention to the statistical analysis of their outputs. We introduce the mean phase direction of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-20 P. M. Q. Cruz , G. Catarina , R. Gautier , J. Fernández-Rossier

Phase estimation plays a central role in communications, sensing, and information processing. Quantum correlated states, such as squeezed states, enable phase estimation beyond the shot-noise limit, and in principle approach the ultimate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-25 M. A. Rodríguez-García , F. E. Becerra

Effective quantum computation relies upon making good use of the exponential information capacity of a quantum machine. A large barrier to designing quantum algorithms for execution on real quantum machines is that, in general, it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-12 Adam Holmes , A. Y. Matsuura

We address the problem of estimating the phase phi given N copies of the phase rotation u(phi) within an array of quantum operations in finite dimensions. We first consider the special case where the array consists of an arbitrary input…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Wim van Dam , G. Mauro D'Ariano , Artur Ekert , Chiara Macchiavello , Michele Mosca

Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) stands as a pivotal quantum computing subroutine that necessitates an inverse Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT). However, it is imperative to recognize that enhancing the precision of the estimation inevitably…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-09 Chen-Yu Liu , Chu-Hsuan Abraham Lin , Kuan-Cheng Chen

Phase estimation protocols provide a fundamental benchmark for the field of quantum metrology. The latter represents one of the most relevant applications of quantum theory, potentially enabling the capability of measuring unknown physical…

Gottesman, Kitaev and Preskill have formulated a way of encoding a qubit into an oscillator such that the qubit is protected against small shifts (translations) in phase space. The idea underlying this encoding is that error processes of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-20 B. M. Terhal , D. Weigand

We introduce an approximate description of an $N$-qubit state, which contains sufficient information to estimate the expectation value of any observable to a precision that is upper bounded by the ratio of a suitably-defined seminorm of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-17 Marco Paini , Amir Kalev , Dan Padilha , Brendan Ruck