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Imminent impactors are natural bodies discovered in space before impacting the Earth. They provide a rare opportunity to characterize individual near-Earth objects (NEOs) in great detail as asteroids in space, meteors in Earth's atmosphere…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-09 Ian Chow , Mario Jurić , R. Lynne Jones , Kathleen Kiker , Joachim Moeyens , Peter G. Brown , Aren N. Heinze , Jacob A. Kurlander

As of mid-2026, 11 objects have been discovered prior to impacting the Earth, with warning times between 2 - 20 hours. Using real metre-sized Earth impactors from the last decade, we ask the question: ``If the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-20 Michael A. Frazer , Hadrien A. R. Devillepoix , Sophie E. Deam

The previous decade saw the discovery of the first four known interstellar objects due to advances in astronomical viewing equipment. Future sky surveys with greater sensitivity will allow for more frequent detections of such objects,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-28 Carson Ezell , Abraham Loeb

The NSF-DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory is a new 8m-class survey facility presently being commissioned in Chile, expected to begin the 10yr-long Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) by the end of 2025. Using the purpose-built Sorcha survey…

Vera C. Rubin Observatory will be a key facility for small body science in planetary astronomy over the next decade. It will carry out the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), observing the sky repeatedly in u, g, r, i, z, and y over the…

We consider a network of telescopes capable of scanning all the observable sky each night and targeting Near-Earth objects (NEOs) in the size range of the Tunguska-like asteroids, from 160 m down to 10 m. We measure the performance of this…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 D. Farnocchia , F. Bernardi , G. B. Valsecchi

The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will be a ground-based, optical, all-sky, rapid cadence survey project with tremendous potential for discovering and characterizing asteroids. With LSST's large 6.5m diameter primary mirror, a wide…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-16 R. Lynne Jones , Mario Juric , Zeljko Ivezic

We have performed a simulation of a next generation sky survey's (Pan-STARRS 1) efficiency for detecting Earth-impacting asteroids. The steady-state sky-plane distribution of the impactors long before impact is concentrated towards small…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2011-03-31 Peter Vereš , Robert Jedicke , Richard Wainscoat , Mikael Granvik , Steve Chesley , Shinsuke Abe , Larry Denneau , Tommy Grav

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory is expected to start the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) in early to mid-2025. This multi-band wide-field synoptic survey will transform our view of the solar system, with the discovery and monitoring of…

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will provide a windfall of new transients and variable sources. Here we have performed mock observation simulations to understand LSST's expected detection rates for…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-10 D. A. H. Buckley , Y. Tampo , P. Szkody , M. Motsoaledi , S. Scaringi , M. Lochner , N. Rawat , J. P. Marais , B. van Soelen , S. Macfarlane , A. van Dyk

The recently discovered population of interstellar objects presents us with the opportunity to characterize material from extrasolar planetary and stellar systems up close. The forthcoming Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-01 Devin J. Hoover , Darryl Z. Seligman , Matthew J. Payne

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will start by the end of 2025 and operate for ten years, offering billions of observations of the southern night sky. One of its main science goals is to create an…

We present predictions for solar system objects the Vera C.\ Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will not detect over its ten-year baseline survey. Employing state-of-the-art synthetic population models and the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-02 Joseph Murtagh , Ian Chow

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory is due to commence the 10-year Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) at the end of 2025. To detect transient/variable sources and identify solar system objects (SSOs), the processing pipelines require…

The generation-defining Vera C. Rubin Observatory will make state-of-the-art measurements of both the static and transient universe through its Legacy Survey for Space and Time (LSST). With such capabilities, it is immensely challenging to…

The Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), being conducted by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, is a wide-field multi-band survey that will revolutionize our understanding of extragalactic sources through its unprecedented combination of area…

The discovery of two interstellar objects passing through the Solar System, 1I/`Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov, implies that a galactic population exists with a spatial number density of order $\sim0.1$ au$^{-3}$. The forthcoming Rubin Observatory…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-27 Dušan Marčeta , Darryl Z. Seligman

We present an analysis of surveying the inner Solar System for objects that may pose some threat to the Earth. Most of the analysis is based on understanding the capability provided by Sentinel, a concept for an infrared space-based…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-26 Marc W. Buie , Harold J. Reitsema , Roger P. Linfield

The Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) at Vera C. Rubin Observatory is planned to begin in the Fall of 2025. The LSST survey cadence has been designed via a community-driven process regulated by the Survey Cadence Optimization Committee…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-08 Igor Andreoni , Raffaella Margutti , John Banovetz , Sarah Greenstreet , Claire-Alice Hebert , Tim Lister , Antonella Palmese , Silvia Piranomonte , S. J. Smartt , Graham P. Smith , Robert Stein , Tomas Ahumada , Shreya Anand , Katie Auchettl , Michele T. Bannister , Eric C. Bellm , Joshua S. Bloom , Bryce T. Bolin , Clecio R. Bom , Daniel Brethauer , Melissa J. Brucker , David A. H. Buckley , Poonam Chandra , Ryan Chornock , Eric Christensen , Jeff Cooke , Alessandra Corsi , Michael W. Coughlin , Bolivia Cuevas-Otahola , D'Ammando Filippo , Biwei Dai , S. Dhawan , Alexei V. Filippenko , Ryan J. Foley , Anna Franckowiak , Andreja Gomboc , Benjamin P. Gompertz , Leanne P. Guy , Nandini Hazra , Christopher Hernandez , Griffin Hosseinzadeh , Maryam Hussaini , Dina Ibrahimzade , Luca Izzo , R. Lynne Jones , Yijung Kang , Mansi M. Kasliwal , Matthew Knight , Keerthi Kunnumkai , Gavin P Lamb , Natalie LeBaron , Cassandra Lejoly , Andrew J. Levan , Sean MacBride , Franco Mallia , Alex I. Malz , Adam A. Miller , J. C. Mora , Gautham Narayan , Nayana A. J. , Matt Nicholl , Tiffany Nichols , S. R. Oates , Akshay Panayada , Fabio Ragosta , Tiago Ribeiro , Dan Ryczanowski , Nikhil Sarin , Megan E. Schwamb , Huei Sears , Darryl Z. Seligman , Ritwik Sharma , Manisha Shrestha , Simran , Michael C. Stroh , Giacomo Terreran , Aishwarya Linesh Thakur , Aum Trivedi , J. Anthony Tyson , Yousuke Utsumi , Aprajita Verma , V. Ashley Villar , Kathryn Volk , Meet J. Vyas , Amanda R. Wasserman , J. Craig Wheeler , Peter Yoachim , Angela Zegarelli , Federica Bianco

Among solar system objects, comets coming from the Oort Cloud are an elusive population, intrinsically rare and difficult to detect. Nonetheless, as the more pristine objects we can observe, they encapsulate critical cues on the formation…

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