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Mathematical reasoning is essential for problem-solving in education, science, and industry, serving as a crucial benchmark for evaluating artificial intelligence systems. As Large Language Models (LLMs) improve their reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Husnain Amjad , Raja Khurram Shahzad , Aamir Shahzad , Mehwish Fatima

We develop ImageNet-Think, a multimodal reasoning dataset designed to aid the development of Vision Language Models (VLMs) with explicit reasoning capabilities. Our dataset is built on 250,000 images from ImageNet21k dataset, providing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Krishna Teja Chitty-Venkata , Murali Emani

Programming often involves converting detailed and complex specifications into code, a process during which developers typically utilize visual aids to more effectively convey concepts. While recent developments in Large Multimodal Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Kaixin Li , Yuchen Tian , Qisheng Hu , Ziyang Luo , Zhiyong Huang , Jing Ma

Cognitive textual and visual reasoning tasks, including puzzles, series, and analogies, demand the ability to quickly reason, decipher, and evaluate patterns both textually and spatially. Due to extensive training on vast amounts of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Pranshu Pandya , Vatsal Gupta , Agney S Talwarr , Tushar Kataria , Dan Roth , Vivek Gupta

In this paper, we introduce PolyMath, a multilingual mathematical reasoning benchmark covering 18 languages and 4 easy-to-hard difficulty levels. Our benchmark ensures difficulty comprehensiveness, language diversity, and high-quality…

Mathematical reasoning, a core aspect of human cognition, is vital across many domains, from educational problem-solving to scientific advancements. As artificial general intelligence (AGI) progresses, integrating large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yibo Yan , Jiamin Su , Jianxiang He , Fangteng Fu , Xu Zheng , Yuanhuiyi Lyu , Kun Wang , Shen Wang , Qingsong Wen , Xuming Hu

The remarkable progress of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has garnered unparalleled attention, due to their superior performance in visual contexts. However, their capabilities in visual math problem-solving remain insufficiently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Renrui Zhang , Dongzhi Jiang , Yichi Zhang , Haokun Lin , Ziyu Guo , Pengshuo Qiu , Aojun Zhou , Pan Lu , Kai-Wei Chang , Peng Gao , Hongsheng Li

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable ability in various language tasks, especially with their emergent in-context learning capability. Extending LLMs to incorporate visual inputs, large vision-language models (LVLMs) have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Aneesh Komanduri , Karuna Bhaila , Xintao Wu

Reasoning is a fundamental capability for solving complex multi-step problems, particularly in visual contexts where sequential step-wise understanding is essential. Existing approaches lack a comprehensive framework for evaluating visual…

Recently, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) and Vision Language Models (VLMs) have shown great promise in language-guided perceptual tasks such as recognition, segmentation, and object detection. However, their effectiveness in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Xu Cao , Yifan Shen , Bolin Lai , Wenqian Ye , Yunsheng Ma , Joerg Heintz , Jintai Chen , Meihuan Huang , Jianguo Cao , Aidong Zhang , James M. Rehg

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in multimodal understanding, yet their reasoning abilities remain underexplored. Existing benchmarks tend to focus on perception or text-based comprehension,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Xiang Li , Wenyue Hua , Kaijie Zhu , Lingyao Li , Haoyang Ling , Jinkui Chi , Qi Dou , Jindong Wang , Yongfeng Zhang , Xin Ma , Lizhou Fan

Vision language models (VLMs) achieve unified modeling of images and text, enabling them to accomplish complex real-world tasks through perception, planning, and reasoning. Among these tasks, reasoning is particularly representative, with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Fan Yuan , Yuchen Yan , Yifan Jiang , Haoran Zhao , Tao Feng , Jinyan Chen , Yanwei Lou , Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Weiming Lu , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang

In the field of multimodal chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, existing approaches predominantly rely on reasoning on pure language space, which inherently suffers from language bias and is largely confined to math or science domains. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Jiacong Wang , Zijian Kang , Haochen Wang , Haiyong Jiang , Jiawen Li , Bohong Wu , Ya Wang , Jiao Ran , Xiao Liang , Chao Feng , Jun Xiao

Multilingual understanding is crucial for the cross-cultural applicability of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, evaluation benchmarks designed for Hong Kong's unique linguistic landscape, which combines Traditional Chinese script with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Chuxue Cao , Zhenghao Zhu , Junqi Zhu , Guoying Lu , Siyu Peng , Juntao Dai , Weijie Shi , Sirui Han , Yike Guo

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has proven remarkably effective for eliciting complex reasoning in large language models (LLMs). Yet, its potential in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) remains largely untapped, hindered by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Lingxiao Li , Yifan Wang , Xinyan Gao , Chen Tang , Xiangyu Yue , Chenyu You

Despite recent advances in Language Reasoning Models (LRMs), most research focuses solely on English, even though many models are pretrained on multilingual data. In this work, we investigate: Is English the most token-efficient language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Sanchit Ahuja , Praneetha Vaddamanu , Barun Patra

Large language models (LLMs) with Chain-of-thought (CoT) have recently emerged as a powerful technique for eliciting reasoning to improve various downstream tasks. As most research mainly focuses on English, with few explorations in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Huiyuan Lai , Malvina Nissim

Recent progress in Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has enabled step-by-step multi-modal mathematical reasoning by performing visual operations based on the textual instructions. A promising approach uses code as an intermediate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Xiaoyuan Li , Moxin Li , Wenjie Wang , Rui Men , Yichang Zhang , Fuli Feng , Dayiheng Liu

While the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, it remains unclear how such ability varies across languages in multilingual LLMs and whether different languages produce reasoning paths that complement each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Sara Rajaee , Rochelle Choenni , Ekaterina Shutova , Christof Monz