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Radio astronomy observations at frequencies below 10~MHz could provide valuable science, such as measuring the cosmic dark age signal in the redshifted 21~cm hydrogen absorption line, detecting exoplanetary auroral emissions which lead to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-26 Ekaterina Kononov , Mary Knapp

The measurement of the spatial fluctuations of the neutral hydrogen 21 cm signal arising during the Dark Ages and Cosmic Dawn periods of our Universe (z from 200 to 10) holds the potential to resolve these still-unexplored earliest phases…

Ultra-high-energy neutrinos and cosmic rays produce short radio flashes through the Askaryan effect when they impact on the Moon. Earthbound radio telescopes can search the Lunar surface for these signals. A new generation of low-…

The low frequency array (LOFAR), is the first radio telescope designed with the capability to measure radio emission from cosmic-ray induced air showers in parallel with interferometric observations. In the first $\sim 2\,\mathrm{years}$ of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-06-27 P. Schellart , A. Nelles , S. Buitink , A. Corstanje , J. E. Enriquez , H. Falcke , W. Frieswijk , J. R. Hörandel , A. Horneffer , C. W. James , M. Krause , M. Mevius , O. Scholten , S. ter Veen , S. Thoudam , M. van den Akker , A. Alexov , J. Anderson , I. M. Avruch , L. Bähren , R. Beck , M. E. Bell , P. Bennema , M. J. Bentum , G. Bernardi , P. Best , J. Bregman , F. Breitling , M. Brentjens , J. Broderick , M. Brüggen , B. Ciardi , A. Coolen , F. de Gasperin , E. de Geus , A. de Jong , M. de Vos , S. Duscha , J. Eislöffel , R. A. Fallows , C. Ferrari , M. A. Garrett , J. Grießmeier , T. Grit , J. P. Hamaker , T. E. Hassall , G. Heald , J. W. T. Hessels , M. Hoeft , H. A. Holties , M. Iacobelli , E. Juette , A. Karastergiou , W. Klijn , J. Kohler , V. I. Kondratiev , M. Kramer , M. Kuniyoshi , G. Kuper , P. Maat , G. Macario , G. Mann , S. Markoff , D. McKay-Bukowski , J. P. McKean , J. C. A. Miller-Jones , J. D. Mol , D. D. Mulcahy , H. Munk , R. Nijboer , M. J. Norden , E. Orru , R. Overeem , H. Paas , M. Pandey-Pommier , R. Pizzo , A. G. Polatidis , A. Renting , J. W. Romein , H. Röttgering , A. Schoenmakers , D. Schwarz , J. Sluman , O. Smirnov , C. Sobey , B. W. Stappers , M. Steinmetz , J. Swinbank , Y. Tang , C. Tasse , C. Toribio , J. van Leeuwen , R. van Nieuwpoort , R. J. van Weeren , N. Vermaas , R. Vermeulen , C. Vocks , C. Vogt , R. A. M. J. Wijers , S. J. Wijnholds , M. W. Wise , O. Wucknitz , S. Yatawatta , P. Zarka , A. Zensus

LOFAR, the Low-Frequency Array, is a next-generation software-driven radio telescope operating between 30 and 240MHz, currently under construction by ASTRON in the Netherlands. This low frequency radio band is one of the few largely…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-02-11 P. N. Best , the LOFAR-UK Consortium

The LOw FRequency ARray - LOFAR is a new radio telescope that is moving the science of radio pulsars and transients into a new phase. Its design places emphasis on digital hardware and flexible software instead of mechanical solutions.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2012-07-03 Maciej Serylak , Aris Karastergiou , Chris Williams , Wes Armour , LOFAR Pulsar Working Group

The radio environment of the Moon at low frequencies, particularly in lunar polar regions and the permanently shadowed regions (PSR) found there, is relatively poorly explored and may contain some novel features. In addition, these areas of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-01 T. Marshall Eubanks , W. P. Blase

This contribution reports on the status of LOFAR (the LOw Frequency ARray) in its ongoing commissioning phase. The purpose is to illustrate the progress that is being made, often on a daily basis, and the potential of this new instrument,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-13 R. Morganti , G. Heald , J. Hessels , M. Wise , A. Alexov , F. De Gasperin , V. Kondratiev , J. McKean , E. Orru` , R. Pizzo , R. van Weeren

PUMA is a proposal for an ultra-wideband, low-resolution and transit interferometric radio telescope operating at $200-1100\,\mathrm{MHz}$. Its design is driven by six science goals which span three science themes: the physics of dark…

At sufficiently low frequencies, no ground-based radio array will be able to produce high resolution images while looking through the ionosphere. A space-based array will be needed to explore the objects and processes which dominate the sky…

The Dark Ages (DA) provides a crucial window into the physics of the infant Universe, with the 21-cm signal offering the only direct probe for mapping out the three-dimensional distribution of matter at this epoch. To measure this…

Low-frequency observatories are currently being constructed with the goal of detecting redshifted 21cm emission from the epoch of reionization. These observatories will also be able to detect intensity fluctuations in the cumulative 21cm…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Stuart Wyithe , Abraham Loeb , Paul Geil

The motivation to build spaceborne interferometric arrays for low-frequency radio astronomy is widely recognised because frequencies below the ionospheric cutoff are inaccessible for ground-based radio telescopes. We discuss the theoretical…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. Janhunen , A. Olsson , R. Karlsson , J. -M. Griessmeier

The Moon is a unique platform for fundamental astrophysical measurements of gravitation, the Sun, and the Universe. Lacking a permanent ionosphere and, on the farside, shielded from terrestrial radio emissions, a radio telescope on the Moon…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-15 Jack O. Burns , the LUNAR Consortium

The 21-cm forest offers a powerful cosmological probe of the thermal history and small-scale structure of the intergalactic medium during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Its success, however, critically depends on the availability of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-25 Siyuan Zhang , Qi Niu , Yichao Li , Xin Zhang

Radio interferometers can potentially detect the sky-averaged signal from the Cosmic Dawn (CD) and the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR) by studying the Moon as a thermal block to the foreground sky. The first step is to mitigate the Earth-based…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-19 Himanshu Tiwari , Benjamin McKinley , Cathryn M. Trott , Nithyanandan Thyagarajan

The period between the creation of the cosmic microwave background at a redshift of ~1000 and the formation of the first stars and black holes that re-ionize the intergalactic medium at redshifts of 10-20 is currently unobservable. The…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-17 Dayton L. Jones , T. Joseph W. Lazio , Jack O. Burns

LOFAR (the Low Frequency Array), a distributed digital radio telescope with stations in the Netherlands, Germany, France, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, is designed to enable full-sky monitoring of transient radio sources. These…