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The road to computing on quantum devices has been accelerated by the promises that come from using Shor's algorithm to reduce the complexity of prime factorization. However, this promise hast not yet been realized due to noisy qubits and…
The number of steps any classical computer requires in order to find the prime factors of an $l$-digit integer $N$ increases exponentially with $l$, at least using algorithms known at present. Factoring large integers is therefore…
Quantum computational algorithms exploit quantum mechanics to solve problems exponentially faster than the best classical algorithms. Shor's quantum algorithm for fast number factoring is a key example and the prime motivator in the…
Integer factorization has been one of the cornerstone applications of the field of quantum computing since the discovery of an efficient algorithm for factoring by Peter Shor. Unfortunately, factoring via Shor's algorithm is well beyond the…
Shor's factoring algorithm is one of the most anticipated applications of quantum computing. However, the limited capabilities of today's quantum computers only permit a study of Shor's algorithm for very small numbers. Here we show how…
Factoring large integers using a quantum computer is an outstanding research problem that can illustrate true quantum advantage over classical computers. Exponential time order is required in order to find the prime factors of an integer by…
We describe an array of quantum gates implementing Shor's algorithm for prime factorization in a quantum computer. The array includes a circuit for modular exponentiation with several subcomponents (such as controlled multipliers, adders,…
A quantum processor (QuP) can be used to exploit quantum mechanics to find the prime factors of composite numbers[1]. Compiled versions of Shor's algorithm have been demonstrated on ensemble quantum systems[2] and photonic systems[3-5],…
Shor's quantum factoring algorithm finds the prime factors of a large number exponentially faster than any other known method a task that lies at the heart of modern information security, particularly on the internet. This algorithm…
With the advancement of quantum technologies, there is a potential threat to traditional encryption systems based on integer factorization. Therefore, developing techniques for accurately measuring the performance of associated quantum…
We report a quantum-classical hybrid scheme for factorization of bi-prime numbers (which are odd and square-free) using IBM's quantum processors. The hybrid scheme proposed here involves both classical optimization techniques and adiabatic…
Quantum algorithms are at the heart of the ongoing efforts to use quantum mechanics to solve computational problems unsolvable on ordinary classical computers. Their common feature is the use of genuine quantum properties such as…
This paper presents a hybrid quantum-classical approach to prime factorization. The proposed algorithm is based on the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE), which employs a classical optimizer to find the ground state of a given…
Shor's algorithm can find prime factors of a large number more efficiently than any known classical algorithm. Understanding the properties that gives the speedup is essential for a general and scalable construction. Here we present a…
Shor's algorithm for factoring in polynomial time on a quantum computer\cite{Shor} gives an enormous advantage over all known classical factoring algorithm. We demonstrate how to factor products of large prime numbers using a compiled…
We have taken significant steps towards the realization of a practical quantum computer: using nuclear spins and magnetic resonance techniques at room temperature, we provided proof of principle of quantum computing in a series of…
Shor's algorithms for factorization and discrete logarithms on a quantum computer employ Fourier transforms preceding a final measurement. It is shown that such a Fourier transform can be carried out in a semi-classical way in which a…
Shor's algorithm for the prime factorization of numbers provides an exponential speedup over the best known classical algorithms. However, nontrivial practical applications have remained out of reach due to experimental limitations. The…
Shor's algorithm for integer factorization offers an exponential speedup over classical methods but remains impractical on Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware due to the need for many coherent qubits and very deep circuits.…
Determining the prime factors of a given number N is a problem, which requires super-polynomial time for conventional digital computers. A polynomial-time algorithm was invented by P. Shor for quantum computers. However, the realization of…