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There is little to no data available to build natural language processing models for most endangered languages. However, textual data in these languages often exists in formats that are not machine-readable, such as paper books and scanned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Shruti Rijhwani , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Graham Neubig

Contrary to popular belief, Optical Character Recognition (OCR) remains a challenging problem when text occurs in unconstrained environments, like natural scenes, due to geometrical distortions, complex backgrounds, and diverse fonts. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Marcin Namysl , Iuliu Konya

This work presents an accuracy study of the open source OCR engine, Kraken, on the leading Arabic scholarly journal, al-Abhath. In contrast with other commercially available OCR engines, Kraken is shown to be capable of producing highly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Benjamin Kiessling , Gennady Kurin , Matthew Thomas Miller , Kader Smail

This paper evaluates the performance of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) on Optical Character Recognition (OCR) in the low-resource Pashto language. Natural Language Processing (NLP) in Pashto faces several challenges due to the cursive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Ijazul Haq , Yingjie Zhang , Irfan Ali Khan

This paper introduces a novel approach to post-Optical Character Recognition Correction (POC) for handwritten Cyrillic text, addressing a significant gap in current research methodologies. This gap is due to the lack of large text corporas…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Evgenii Davydkin , Aleksandr Markelov , Egor Iuldashev , Anton Dudkin , Ivan Krivorotov

Despite considerable progress in handwritten text recognition, paragraph-level handwritten text recognition, especially in low-resource languages, such as Hindi, Urdu and similar scripts, remains a challenging problem. These languages,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Sayantan Dey , Alireza Alaei , Partha Pratim Roy

Arabic Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is essential for converting vast amounts of Arabic print media into digital formats. However, training modern OCR models, especially powerful vision-language models, is hampered by the lack of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Omer Nacar , Yasser Al-Habashi , Serry Sibaee , Adel Ammar , Wadii Boulila

Efforts on the research and development of OCR systems for Low-Resource Languages are relatively new. Low-resource languages have little training data available for training Machine Translation systems or other systems. Even though a vast…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 S M Rakib Hasan , Aakar Dhakal , Md Humaion Kabir Mehedi , Annajiat Alim Rasel

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) on historical printings is a challenging task mainly due to the complexity of the layout and the highly variant typography. Nevertheless, in the last few years great progress has been made in the area of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Christian Reul , Dennis Christ , Alexander Hartelt , Nico Balbach , Maximilian Wehner , Uwe Springmann , Christoph Wick , Christine Grundig , Andreas Büttner , Frank Puppe

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is the process of extracting digitized text from images of scanned documents. While OCR systems have already matured in many languages, they still have shortcomings in cursive languages with overlapping…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Hussein Osman , Karim Zaghw , Mostafa Hazem , Seifeldin Elsehely

There has been recent interest in improving optical character recognition (OCR) for endangered languages, particularly because a large number of documents and books in these languages are not in machine-readable formats. The performance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Shruti Rijhwani , Daisy Rosenblum , Michayla King , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Graham Neubig

Manchu, a critically endangered language essential for understanding early modern Eastern Eurasian history, lacks effective OCR systems that can handle real-world historical documents. This study develops high-performing OCR systems by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Yan Hon Michael Chung , Donghyeok Choi

We propose a post-OCR text correction approach for digitising texts in Romanised Sanskrit. Owing to the lack of resources our approach uses OCR models trained for other languages written in Roman. Currently, there exists no dataset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Amrith Krishna , Bodhisattwa Prasad Majumder , Rajesh Shreedhar Bhat , Pawan Goyal

The inherent complexities of Arabic script; its cursive nature, diacritical marks (tashkeel), and varied typography, pose persistent challenges for Optical Character Recognition (OCR). We present Qari-OCR, a series of vision-language models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Ahmed Wasfy , Omer Nacar , Abdelakreem Elkhateb , Mahmoud Reda , Omar Elshehy , Adel Ammar , Wadii Boulila

Most low-resource languages do not have the necessary resources to create even a substantial monolingual corpus. These languages may often be found in government proceedings but mainly in Portable Document Format (PDF) that contains legacy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Charangan Vasantharajan , Laksika Tharmalingam , Uthayasanker Thayasivam

Latin has historically led the state-of-the-art in handwritten optical character recognition (OCR) research. Adapting existing systems from Latin to alpha-syllabary languages is particularly challenging due to a sharp contrast between their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Samiul Alam , Tahsin Reasat , Asif Shahriyar Sushmit , Sadi Mohammad Siddiquee , Fuad Rahman , Mahady Hasan , Ahmed Imtiaz Humayun

Since the dawn of the computing era, information has been represented digitally so that it can be processed by electronic computers. Paper books and documents were abundant and widely being published at that time; and hence, there was a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2012-04-03 Youssef Bassil , Mohammad Alwani

A crucial component for the scene text based reasoning required for TextVQA and TextCaps datasets involve detecting and recognizing text present in the images using an optical character recognition (OCR) system. The current systems are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Amanpreet Singh , Guan Pang , Mandy Toh , Jing Huang , Wojciech Galuba , Tal Hassner

This paper presents a novel approach to generate synthetic dataset for handwritten word recognition systems. It is difficult to recognize handwritten scripts for which sufficient training data is not readily available or it may be expensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-04-18 Partha Pratim Roy , Akash Mohta , Bidyut B. Chaudhuri

Solving the problem of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) on printed text for Latin and its derivative scripts can now be considered settled due to the volumes of research done on English and other High-Resourced Languages (HRL). However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Nevidu Jayatilleke , Nisansa de Silva