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Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has recently advanced the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). While prior work has emphasized algorithmic design, data curation, and reward shaping, we investigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Xinjie Chen , Minpeng Liao , Guoxin Chen , Chengxi Li , Biao Fu , Kai Fan , Xinggao Liu

Through reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), large language models have achieved substantial progress in domains with easily verifiable outcomes, such as mathematics and coding. However, when applied to more complex tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Qiyao Ma , Yunsheng Shi , Hongtao Tian , Chao Wang , Weiming Chang , Ting Yao

Recent advancements, such as DeepSeek-Prover-V2-671B and Kimina-Prover-Preview-72B, demonstrate a prevailing trend in leveraging reinforcement learning (RL)-based large-scale training for automated theorem proving. Surprisingly, we discover…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Chenrui Cao , Liangcheng Song , Zenan Li , Xinyi Le , Xian Zhang , Hui Xue , Fan Yang

Existing informal language-based (e.g., human language) Large Language Models (LLMs) trained with Reinforcement Learning (RL) face a significant challenge: their verification processes, which provide crucial training signals, are neither…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Chuanhao Yan , Fengdi Che , Xuhan Huang , Xu Xu , Xin Li , Yizhi Li , Xingwei Qu , Jingzhe Shi , Chenghua Lin , Yaodong Yang , Binhang Yuan , Hang Zhao , Yu Qiao , Bowen Zhou , Jie Fu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown human-like reasoning abilities but still struggle with complex logical problems. This paper introduces a novel framework, Logic-LM, which integrates LLMs with symbolic solvers to improve logical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Liangming Pan , Alon Albalak , Xinyi Wang , William Yang Wang

Mathematical reasoning is a central challenge for large language models (LLMs), requiring not only correct answers but also faithful reasoning processes. Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Md Tanvirul Alam , Nidhi Rastogi

In the realm of formal theorem proving, the Coq proof assistant stands out for its rigorous approach to verifying mathematical assertions and software correctness. Despite the advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Andreas Florath

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has shown promise in enhancing the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs) by increasing test-time compute. However, even after extensive RLVR training, such models still…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Pinzheng Wang , Shuli Xu , Juntao Li , Yu Luo , Dong Li , Jianye Hao , Min Zhang

Formal mathematical reasoning remains a critical challenge for artificial intelligence, hindered by limitations of existing benchmarks in scope and scale. To address this, we present FormalMATH, a large-scale Lean4 benchmark comprising…

We perform a thorough analysis of the formal and informal statements in the miniF2F benchmark from the perspective of an AI system that is tasked to participate in a math Olympiad consisting of the problems in miniF2F. In such setting, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Azim Ospanov , Farzan Farnia , Roozbeh Yousefzadeh

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed AI but often struggle with tasks that require domain-specific reasoning and logical alignment. Traditional fine-tuning methods do not leverage the vast amount of symbolic domain-knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Piyush Jha , Prithwish Jana , Pranavkrishna Suresh , Arnav Arora , Vijay Ganesh

A fundamental challenge in formal theorem proving by LLMs is the lack of high-quality training data. Although reinforcement learning or expert iteration partially mitigates this issue by alternating between LLM generating proofs and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Kefan Dong , Tengyu Ma

We are interested in understanding how well Transformer language models (TLMs) can perform reasoning tasks when trained on knowledge encoded in the form of natural language. We investigate their systematic generalization abilities on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Nicolas Gontier , Koustuv Sinha , Siva Reddy , Christopher Pal

Automating Register Transfer Level (RTL) code generation using Large Language Models (LLMs) offers substantial promise for streamlining digital circuit design and reducing human effort. However, current LLM-based approaches face significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yiting Wang , Guoheng Sun , Wanghao Ye , Gang Qu , Ang Li

Interleaved practice enhances the memory and problem-solving ability of students in undergraduate courses. We introduce a personalized learning tool built on a Large Language Model (LLM) that can provide immediate and personalized attention…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-07-02 Yufan Zhu , Zi-Yu Khoo , Jonathan Sze Choong Low , Stephane Bressan

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a promising paradigm for post-training large language models (LLMs) on complex reasoning tasks. Yet, the conditions under which RLVR yields robust generalization remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Brian Lu , Hongyu Zhao , Shuo Sun , Hao Peng , Rui Ding , Hongyuan Mei

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) encode various facts about the world at their pre-training phase as they are trained to predict the next or missing word in a sentence. There has a been an interest in quantifying and improving the amount…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Paul Youssef , Jörg Schlötterer , Christin Seifert

The discovery of first integrals is of fundamental scientific importance for understanding conservation laws in dynamical systems. However, existing symbolic computation tools and Large Language Models (LLMs) remain limited on this task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Jingfeng Zhong , Zhengxiang Liu , Zhijie Wang , Shuai Li

Predictive modeling on tabular data is the cornerstone of many real-world applications. Although gradient boosting machines and some recent deep models achieve strong performance on tabular data, they often lack interpretability. On the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Tommy Xu , Zhitian Zhang , Xiangyu Sun , Lauren Kelly Zung , Hossein Hajimirsadeghi , Greg Mori

Driven by the growing capacity and training scale, Text-to-Video (T2V) generation models have recently achieved substantial progress in video quality, length, and instruction-following capability. However, whether these models can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zeqing Wang , Keze Wang , Lei Zhang