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Information theory plays a central role in establishing fundamental limits on what any learning or estimation algorithm can -- and cannot -- achieve, regardless of computational power. In this chapter, we provide an introduction to these…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Abbas El Gamal , Maxim Raginsky

We introduce a novel generalization of entropy and conditional entropy from which most definitions from the literature can be derived as particular cases. Within this general framework, we investigate the problem of designing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-11-27 MHR Khouzani , Pasquale Malacaria

In the paper, the authors review origins, motivations, and generalizations of a series of inequalities involving several exponential functions and sums, establish three new inequalities involving finite exponential functions and sums by…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2020-08-26 Feng Qi , Bai-Ni Guo

Information inequalities govern the ultimate limitations in information theory and as such play an pivotal role in characterizing what values the entropy of multipartite states can take. Proving an information inequality, however, quickly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Shao-Lun Huang , Tobias Rippchen , Mario Berta

We present a new family of information-theoretic generalization bounds, in which the training loss and the population loss are compared through a jointly convex function. This function is upper-bounded in terms of the disintegrated,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Fredrik Hellström , Giuseppe Durisi

The aim of this article is to establish new two-functions minimax inequalities extending classical results such as Simons' minimax theorem. Our results will be proved in a non-compact setting. We also prove, under general conditions, that…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-11-18 Mohammed Bachir

"Bounds on information combining" are entropic inequalities that determine how the information (entropy) of a set of random variables can change when these are combined in certain prescribed ways. Such bounds play an important role in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-27 Christoph Hirche , David Reeb

Inspired by the recent work by R.Pal et al., we give further refined inequalities for a convex Riemann integrable function, applying the standard Hermite-Hadamard inequality. Our approach is different from their one in \cite{PSMA2016}. As…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2020-04-08 Shigeru Furuichi , Nicuşor Minculete

Some new inequalities of Karamata type are established with a convex function in this paper. The methods of our proof allow us to obtain an extended version of the reverse of Jensen inequality given by Pe{\v} cari\'c and Mi\'ci\'c. Applying…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-05-24 Shigeru Furuichi , Hamid Reza Moradi , Akram Zardadi

A new trend in deep learning, represented by Mutual Information Neural Estimation (MINE) and Information Noise Contrast Estimation (InfoNCE), is emerging. In this trend, similarity functions and Estimated Mutual Information (EMI) are used…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Chenguang Lu

In this paper we propose a general algorithmic framework for first-order methods in optimization in a broad sense, including minimization problems, saddle-point problems and variational inequalities. This framework allows to obtain many…

Optimizing non-convex functions is a fundamental challenge across machine learning and combinatorial optimization. We introduce and study $\gamma$-weakly $\theta$-up-concavity, a novel first-order condition that characterizes a broad class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Mohammad Pedramfar , Vaneet Aggarwal

We introduce a weak version of the classical length function, termed the weak length function, defined on subsets of $R$-modules over a unital ring $R$, and further consider the concept of mean weak length for $R\Gamma$-modules associated…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Zihan Bai , Bingbing Liang

We propose a new interpretation of measures of information and disorder by connecting these concepts to group theory in a new way. Entropy and group theory are connected here by their common relation to sets of permutations. A combinatorial…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-25 David J. Galas

In this work, we present a variety of novel information-theoretic generalization bounds for learning algorithms, from the supersample setting of Steinke & Zakynthinou (2020)-the setting of the "conditional mutual information" framework. Our…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-16 Ziqiao Wang , Yongyi Mao

Submodularity is a fundamental phenomenon in combinatorial optimization. Submodular functions occur in a variety of combinatorial settings such as coverage problems, cut problems, welfare maximization, and many more. Therefore, a lot of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-11-08 Shaddin Dughmi

The concept of weighted entropy takes into account values of different outcomes, i.e., makes entropy context-dependent, through the weight function. In this paper, we establish a number of simple inequalities for the weighted entropies…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-01-15 Yuri Suhov , Izabella Stuhl , Salimeh Yasaei Sekeh , Mark Kelbert

In a nutshell, submodular functions encode an intuitive notion of diminishing returns. As a result, submodularity appears in many important machine learning tasks such as feature selection and data summarization. Although there has been a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-03-19 Marko Mitrovic , Moran Feldman , Andreas Krause , Amin Karbasi

In this paper we introduce a biparametric family of transformations which can be seen as an extension of the so-called up and down transformations. This new class of transformations allows to us to introduce new informational functionals,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Razvan Gabriel Iagar , David Puertas-Centeno

The purpose of this paper is to make a comprehensive connection between the basic results and properties derived from the two kinds of topologies (namely the $(\epsilon,\lambda)-$topology introduced by the author and the stronger locally…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2010-06-22 Tiexin Guo