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Persona prompting has been widely adopted to steer large language models (LLMs) behavior and improve their instruction performance by assigning specific characters. However, identifying an optimal persona is time-consuming, and its impact…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Jihwan Oh , Soowon Oh , Murad Aghazada , Minchan Jeong , Sungnyun Kim , Se-Young Yun

The use of LLMs in natural language reasoning has shown mixed results, sometimes rivaling or even surpassing human performance in simpler classification tasks while struggling with social-cognitive reasoning, a domain where humans naturally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Fiona Anting Tan , Gerard Christopher Yeo , Kokil Jaidka , Fanyou Wu , Weijie Xu , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha , Yang Liu , See-Kiong Ng

The remarkable advancements in large language models (LLMs) have brought about significant improvements in Natural Language Processing(NLP) tasks. This paper presents a comprehensive review of in-context learning techniques, focusing on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Yinheng Li

Despite the growing use of large language models (LLMs) for providing feedback, limited research has explored how to achieve high-quality feedback. This case study introduces an evaluation framework to assess different zero-shot prompt…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Niklas Ippisch , Anna-Carolina Haensch , Jan Simson , Jacob Beck , Markus Herklotz , Malte Schierholz

The latest generation of LLMs can be prompted to achieve impressive zero-shot or few-shot performance in many NLP tasks. However, since performance is highly sensitive to the choice of prompts, considerable effort has been devoted to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Alina Leidinger , Robert van Rooij , Ekaterina Shutova

One of the most impressive results of recent NLP history is the ability of pre-trained language models to solve new tasks in a zero-shot setting. To achieve this, NLP tasks are framed as natural language prompts, generating a response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Chunting Zhou , Junxian He , Xuezhe Ma , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Graham Neubig

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong reasoning abilities, often attributed to few-shot or zero-shot chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting. While effective, these methods require labor-intensive prompt engineering, raising the question of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Hyunbin Jin , Je Won Yeom , Seunghyun Bae , Taesup Kim

Language models remain vulnerable to prompt injection attacks despite extensive safety training. We trace this failure to role confusion: models infer the source of text based on how it sounds, not where it actually comes from. A command…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Charles Ye , Jasmine Cui , Dylan Hadfield-Menell

Recent studies have shown that Large Language Models (LLMs) can improve their reasoning performance through self-generated few-shot examples, achieving results comparable to manually curated in-context examples. However, the underlying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Daehoon Gwak , Minseo Jung , Junwoo Park , Minho Park , ChaeHun Park , Junha Hyung , Jaegul Choo

This report investigates approaches for prompting a tool-augmented large language model (LLM) to act as a role-playing dialogue agent in the API track of the Commonsense Persona-grounded Dialogue Challenge (CPDC) 2025. In this setting,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Saksorn Ruangtanusak , Pittawat Taveekitworachai , Kunat Pipatanakul

Many recent prompting strategies for large language models (LLMs) query the model multiple times sequentially -- first to produce intermediate results and then the final answer. However, using these methods, both decoder and model are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Luca Beurer-Kellner , Mark Niklas Müller , Marc Fischer , Martin Vechev

Language models are achieving impressive performance on various tasks by aggressively adopting inference-time prompting techniques, such as zero-shot and few-shot prompting. In this work, we introduce EchoPrompt, a simple yet effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Rajasekhar Reddy Mekala , Yasaman Razeghi , Sameer Singh

Zero-shot Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting emerges as a simple and effective strategy for enhancing the performance of large language models (LLMs) in real-world reasoning tasks. Nonetheless, the efficacy of a singular, task-level prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Xiaosong Yuan , Chen Shen , Shaotian Yan , Xiaofeng Zhang , Liang Xie , Wenxiao Wang , Renchu Guan , Ying Wang , Jieping Ye

This study presents a comprehensive, long-term project to explore the effectiveness of various prompting techniques in detecting dialogical mental manipulation. We implement Chain-of-Thought prompting with Zero-Shot and Few-Shot settings on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Ivory Yang , Xiaobo Guo , Sean Xie , Soroush Vosoughi

Prompting serves as the major way humans interact with Large Language Models (LLM). Commercial AI systems commonly define the role of the LLM in system prompts. For example, ChatGPT uses ``You are a helpful assistant'' as part of its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Mingqian Zheng , Jiaxin Pei , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Moontae Lee , David Jurgens

Expert persona prompting -- assigning roles such as expert in math to language models -- is widely used for task improvement. However, prior work shows mixed results on its effectiveness, and does not consider when and why personas should…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Pedro Henrique Luz de Araujo , Paul Röttger , Dirk Hovy , Benjamin Roth

Although persona prompting in large language models appears to trigger different styles of generated text, it is unclear whether these translate into measurable behavioral differences, much less whether they affect decision-making in an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 John Licato , Stephen Steinle , Brayden Hollis

Recent advancements in LLMs have showcased their remarkable role-playing capabilities, able to accurately simulate the dialogue styles and cognitive processes of various roles based on different instructions and contexts. Studies indicate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Aobo Kong , Shiwan Zhao , Hao Chen , Qicheng Li , Yong Qin , Ruiqi Sun , Xin Zhou , Jiaming Zhou , Haoqin Sun

This paper introduces Codified Profiles for role-playing, a novel approach that represents character logic as structured, executable functions for behavioral decision-making. Each profile defines a set of functions parse_by_scene(scene)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Letian Peng , Jingbo Shang

Large language models (LLMs) have been proposed as scalable tools to address the gap between the importance of individualized written feedback and the practical challenges of providing it at scale. However, concerns persist regarding the…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2025-11-12 Niklas Ippisch , Markus Herklotz , Anna-Carolina Haensch , Carsten Schwemmer