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Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs) integrate visual data processing, expanding their real-world applications, but also increasing the risk of generating unsafe responses. In response, leading companies have implemented Multi-Layered…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yijun Yang , Lichao Wang , Xiao Yang , Lanqing Hong , Jun Zhu

The vulnerability of Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs) to jailbreak attacks appears as no surprise. However, recent defense mechanisms against these attacks have reached near-saturation performance on benchmark evaluations, often with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Yangyang Guo , Fangkai Jiao , Liqiang Nie , Mohan Kankanhalli

Current vision large language models (VLLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities yet are prone to generate harmful content and are vulnerable to even the simplest jailbreaking attacks. Our initial analysis finds that this is due to the presence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Yongshuo Zong , Ondrej Bohdal , Tingyang Yu , Yongxin Yang , Timothy Hospedales

This paper provides a systematic survey of jailbreak attacks and defenses on Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs), emphasizing that jailbreak vulnerabilities stem from structural factors such as incomplete training…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Zejian Chen , Chaozhuo Li , Chao Li , Xi Zhang , Litian Zhang , Yiming He

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown impressive reasoning abilities. However, they are also more vulnerable to jailbreak attacks than their LLM predecessors. Although still capable of detecting the unsafe responses, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Yunhao Gou , Kai Chen , Zhili Liu , Lanqing Hong , Hang Xu , Zhenguo Li , Dit-Yan Yeung , James T. Kwok , Yu Zhang

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs), capable of processing text, images, and audio, have been widely adopted in various AI applications. However, recent MLLMs integrating images and text remain highly vulnerable to coordinated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Zihao Wang , Kar Wai Fok , Vrizlynn L. L. Thing

Text-to-Image models may generate harmful content, such as pornographic images, particularly when unsafe prompts are submitted. To address this issue, safety filters are often added on top of text-to-image models, or the models themselves…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Zhengyuan Jiang , Yuepeng Hu , Yuchen Yang , Yinzhi Cao , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

This paper focuses on jailbreaking attacks against multi-modal large language models (MLLMs), seeking to elicit MLLMs to generate objectionable responses to harmful user queries. A maximum likelihood-based algorithm is proposed to find an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Zhenxing Niu , Haodong Ren , Xinbo Gao , Gang Hua , Rong Jin

With the significant development of large models in recent years, Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of multimodal understanding and reasoning tasks. Compared to traditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Daizong Liu , Mingyu Yang , Xiaoye Qu , Pan Zhou , Yu Cheng , Wei Hu

Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs) represent a significant advancement in artificial intelligence by integrating image-processing capabilities with textual understanding, thereby enhancing user interactions and expanding application…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Madhur Jindal , Saurabh Deshpande

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) bridge the gap between visual and textual data, enabling a range of advanced applications. However, complex internal interactions among visual elements and their alignment with text can introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Zuopeng Yang , Jiluan Fan , Anli Yan , Erdun Gao , Xin Lin , Tao Li , Kanghua Mo , Changyu Dong

The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has exposed vulnerabilities to various adversarial attacks. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of jailbreaking research targeting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Siyuan Wang , Zhuohan Long , Zhihao Fan , Zhongyu Wei

As Vision-Language Models (VLMs) demonstrate increasing capabilities across real-world applications such as code generation and chatbot assistance, ensuring their safety has become paramount. Unlike traditional Large Language Models (LLMs),…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Peiyuan Tang , Haojie Xin , Xiaodong Zhang , Jun Sun , Qin Xia , Zijiang Yang

Image-text matching (ITM) aims to address the fundamental challenge of aligning visual and textual modalities, which inherently differ in their representations, continuous, high-dimensional image features vs. discrete, structured text. We…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Junyu Chen , Yihua Gao , Mingyong Li

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in multimodal reasoning tasks through enhanced chain-of-thought capabilities. However, this advancement also introduces novel safety risks, as these models become increasingly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yinan Xia , Yilei Jiang , Yingshui Tan , Xiaoyong Zhu , Xiangyu Yue , Bo Zheng

Large vision-language models (VLMs) such as GPT-4 have achieved unprecedented performance in response generation, especially with visual inputs, enabling more creative and adaptable interaction than large language models such as ChatGPT.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Yunqing Zhao , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Xiao Yang , Chongxuan Li , Ngai-Man Cheung , Min Lin

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), trained on multimodal big datasets, have significantly advanced AI by excelling in vision-language tasks. However, these models remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks, particularly jailbreak attacks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Md Zarif Hossain , Ahmed Imteaj

Backdoor attacks undermine the reliability and trustworthiness of machine learning systems by injecting hidden behaviors that can be maliciously activated at inference time. While such threats have been extensively studied in unimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Juncheng Li , Yige Li , Hanxun Huang , Yunhao Chen , Xin Wang , Yixu Wang , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

Existing large language models (LLMs) are advancing rapidly and produce outstanding results in image generation tasks, yet their content safety checks remain vulnerable to prompt-based jailbreaks. Through preliminary testing on platforms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Variath Madhupal Gautham Nair , Vishal Varma Dantuluri

Achieving deep alignment between vision and language remains a central challenge for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). These models often fail to fully leverage visual input, defaulting to strong language priors. Our approach first…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Aarti Ghatkesar , Ganesh Venkatesh
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