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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge bases, but this may expose them to extraction attacks, leading to potential copyright and privacy risks. However, existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yuhao Wang , Wenjie Qu , Shengfang Zhai , Yanze Jiang , Zichen Liu , Yue Liu , Yinpeng Dong , Jiaheng Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) expands the knowledge boundary of large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge bases, whose construction is often time-consuming and laborious. If an adversary extracts the knowledge…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Changyue Jiang , Xudong Pan , Geng Hong , Chenfu Bao , Yang Chen , Min Yang

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed Natural Language Processing (NLP), enabling complex information retrieval and generation tasks. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a key innovation,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Teri Rumble , Zbyněk Gazdík , Javad Zarrin , Jagdeep Ahluwalia

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) significantly mitigates the hallucinations and domain knowledge deficiency in large language models by incorporating external knowledge bases. However, the multi-module architecture of RAG introduces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yanming Mu , Hao Hu , Feiyang Li , Qiao Yuan , Jiang Wu , Zichuan Liu , Pengcheng Liu , Mei Wang , Hongwei Zhou , Yuling Liu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a pivotal method for expanding the knowledge of large language models. To handle complex queries more effectively, researchers developed Adaptive-RAG (A-RAG) to enhance the generated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jie Ou , Jinyu Guo , Shuaihong Jiang , Zhaokun Wang , Libo Qin , Shunyu Yao , Wenhong Tian

This research paper addresses the limitations of semantic search in complex enterprise document ecosystems. Traditional RAG pipelines often fail to capture hierarchical and interconnected information, leading to retrieval inaccuracies. We…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Koushik Chakraborty , Koyel Guha

Retrieval-Augmented Code Generation (RACG) leverages external knowledge to enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) in code synthesis, improving the functional correctness of the generated code. However, existing RACG systems largely overlook…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Bo Lin , Shangwen Wang , Yihao Qin , Liqian Chen , Xiaoguang Mao

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a dominant paradigm for mitigating hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge. Nevertheless, effectively integrating and interpreting key evidence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Zhenghao Liu , Mingyan Wu , Xinze Li , Yukun Yan , Shuo Wang , Cheng Yang , Minghe Yu , Zheni Zeng , Maosong Sun

Graph-based retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enriches large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge for long-context understanding and multi-hop reasoning, but existing methods face a granularity dilemma: fine-grained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Yaxiong Wu , Jianyuan Bo , Yongyue Zhang , Sheng Liang , Yong Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models by grounding their outputs in external documents. These systems, however, remain vulnerable to attacks on the retrieval corpus, such as prompt injection. RAG-based search…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zeyu Shen , Basileal Imana , Tong Wu , Chong Xiang , Prateek Mittal , Aleksandra Korolova

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is emerging as a flexible and robust technique to adapt models to private users data without training, to handle credit attribution, and to allow efficient machine unlearning at scale. However, RAG…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Aditya Golatkar , Alessandro Achille , Luca Zancato , Yu-Xiang Wang , Ashwin Swaminathan , Stefano Soatto

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is an emerging approach in natural language processing that combines large language models (LLMs) with external document retrieval to produce more accurate and grounded responses. While RAG has shown…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Atousa Arzanipour , Rouzbeh Behnia , Reza Ebrahimi , Kaushik Dutta

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has significantly mitigated the hallucinations of Large Language Models (LLMs) by grounding the generation with external knowledge. Recent extensions of RAG to graph-based retrieval offer a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jialin Chen , Houyu Zhang , Seongjun Yun , Alejandro Mottini , Rex Ying , Xiang Song , Vassilis N. Ioannidis , Zheng Li , Qingjun Cui

Despite initial successes and a variety of architectures, retrieval-augmented generation systems still struggle to reliably retrieve and connect the multi-step evidence required for complicated reasoning tasks. Most of the standard RAG…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jovan Pavlović , Miklós Krész , László Hajdu

The widespread adoption of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems in real-world applications has heightened concerns about the confidentiality and integrity of their proprietary knowledge bases. These knowledge bases, which play a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Pengcheng Zhou , Yinglun Feng , Zhongliang Yang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by mitigating hallucinations and outdated information issues, yet simultaneously facilitates unauthorized data appropriation at scale. This paper addresses this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Peiyang Liu , Ziqiang Cui , Di Liang , Wei Ye

The growing ubiquity of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems in several real-world services triggers severe concerns about their security. A RAG system improves the generative capabilities of a Large Language Models (LLM) by a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Christian Di Maio , Cristian Cosci , Marco Maggini , Valentina Poggioni , Stefano Melacci

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) offers a solution to mitigate hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs) by grounding their outputs to knowledge retrieved from external sources. The use of private resources and data in constructing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Xiao Hu , Eric Liu , Weizhou Wang , Xiangyu Guo , David Lie

Naive Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) focuses on individual documents during retrieval and, as a result, falls short in handling networked documents which are very popular in many applications such as citation graphs, social media, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Yuntong Hu , Zhihan Lei , Zheng Zhang , Bo Pan , Chen Ling , Liang Zhao

Retrieval-Augmented Generation RAG systems enhance large language models by grounding responses in external knowledge bases, but conventional RAG architectures operate with static corpora that cannot evolve from user interactions. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Teja Chinthala