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Neural Machine Translation (NMT) is the task of translating a text from one language to another with the use of a trained neural network. Several existing works aim at incorporating external information into NMT models to improve or control…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Charles Brazier , Jean-Luc Rouas

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) presents a significant yet persistent challenge in human-computer interaction. While deep learning has advanced spoken language processing, achieving high performance on limited datasets remains a critical…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Tai Vu

Emotion Recognition in Conversation (ERC) is a crucial task for understanding human emotions and enabling natural human-computer interaction. Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown great potential in this field, their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xinran Li , Yu Liu , Jiaqi Qiao , Xiujuan Xu

Annotating and recognizing speech emotion using prompt engineering has recently emerged with the advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet its efficacy and reliability remain questionable. In this paper, we conduct a systematic study…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-01 Yuanchao Li , Yuan Gong , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Peter Bell , Catherine Lai

The performance of speech emotion recognition (SER) is limited by the insufficient emotion information in unimodal systems and the feature alignment difficulties in multimodal systems. Recently, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yiqing Yang , Man-Wai Mak

We propose EmoDistill, a novel speech emotion recognition (SER) framework that leverages cross-modal knowledge distillation during training to learn strong linguistic and prosodic representations of emotion from speech. During inference,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Debaditya Shome , Ali Etemad

As recommender systems become increasingly sophisticated and complex, they often suffer from lack of fairness and transparency. Providing robust and unbiased explanations for recommendations has been drawing more and more attention as it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Bingbing Wen , Yunhe Feng , Yongfeng Zhang , Chirag Shah

Although reinforcement learning (RL) has significantly advanced reasoning capabilities in large multimodal language models (MLLMs), its efficacy remains limited for lightweight models essential for edge deployments. To address this issue,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Jingze Wu , Quan Zhang , Hongfei Suo , Zeqiang Cai , Hongbo Chen

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) is typically trained and evaluated on majority-voted labels, which simplifies benchmarking but masks subjectivity and provides little transparency into why predictions are made. This neglects valid minority…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-06 Bo-Hao Su , Hui-Ying Shih , Jinchuan Tian , Jiatong Shi , Chi-Chun Lee , Carlos Busso , Shinji Watanabe

Prosodic phrasing is crucial to the naturalness and intelligibility of end-to-end Text-to-Speech (TTS). There exist both linguistic and emotional prosody in natural speech. As the study of prosodic phrasing has been linguistically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Rui Liu , Bin Liu , Haizhou Li

Recent advancements in multimodal reward models (RMs) have substantially improved post-training for visual generative models. However, current RMs face inherent limitations: (1) visual inputs consume large context budgets, forcing fewer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Qunzhong Wang , Jie Liu , Jiajun Liang , Yilei Jiang , Yuanxing Zhang , Yaozhi Zheng , Xintao Wang , Pengfei Wan , Xiangyu Yue , Jiaheng Liu

The capability of generating speech with specific type of emotion is desired for many applications of human-computer interaction. Cross-speaker emotion transfer is a common approach to generating emotional speech when speech with emotion…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-05 Guangyan Zhang , Ying Qin , Wenjie Zhang , Jialun Wu , Mei Li , Yutao Gai , Feijun Jiang , Tan Lee

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) focuses on identifying emotional states from spoken language. The 2024 IEEE SLT-GenSEC Challenge on Post Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) Emotion Recognition tasks participants to explore the capabilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Enshi Zhang , Christian Poellabauer

Accurate emotion perception is crucial for various applications, including human-computer interaction, education, and counseling. However, traditional single-modality approaches often fail to capture the complexity of real-world emotional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Zebang Cheng , Zhi-Qi Cheng , Jun-Yan He , Jingdong Sun , Kai Wang , Yuxiang Lin , Zheng Lian , Xiaojiang Peng , Alexander Hauptmann

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have leveraged increased test-time computation to enhance reasoning capabilities, a strategy that, while effective, incurs significant latency and resource costs, limiting their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Hao Wen , Xinrui Wu , Yi Sun , Feifei Zhang , Liye Chen , Jie Wang , Yunxin Liu , Yunhao Liu , Ya-Qin Zhang , Yuanchun Li

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have recently shown promise in solving complex math problems when optimized with Reinforcement Learning (RL). But conventional approaches rely on outcome-only rewards that provide sparse feedback, resulting in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Tao He , Rongchuan Mu , Lizi Liao , Yixin Cao , Ming Liu , Bing Qin

Effective speech emotional representations play a key role in Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) and Emotional Text-To-Speech (TTS) tasks. However, emotional speech samples are more difficult and expensive to acquire compared with Neutral…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-12 Shijun Wang , Jón Guðnason , Damian Borth

Temporal reasoning over long, multi-session dialogues is a critical capability for conversational agents. However, existing works and our pilot study have shown that as dialogue histories grow in length and accumulate noise, current…

Speech emotion recognition plays an important role in various applications. However, most existing approaches predict a single emotion label, oversimplifying the inherently ambiguous nature of human emotional expression. Recent large…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xiaofeng Yu , Jiaheng Dong , Jean Honorio , Abhirup Ghosh , Hong Jia , Ting Dang

Conversational AI has made significant progress, yet generating expressive and controllable text-to-speech (TTS) remains challenging. Specifically, controlling fine-grained voice styles and emotions is notoriously difficult and typically…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-13 Zhicheng Ouyang , Seong-Gyun Leem , Bach Viet Do , Haibin Wu , Ariya Rastrow , Yuzong Liu , Florian Metze