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The execution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has been shown to produce nondeterministic results when run on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), even when they are configured to produce deterministic results. This is due to the finite…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Tairan Fu , Gonzalo Martínez , Javier Conde , Carlos Arriaga , Pedro Reviriego , Xiuyuan Qi , Shanshan Liu

Recent endeavors in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) aim to unify visual comprehension and generation by combining LLM and diffusion models, the state-of-the-art in each task, respectively. Existing approaches rely on spatial visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Kaihang Pan , Wang Lin , Zhongqi Yue , Tenglong Ao , Liyu Jia , Wei Zhao , Juncheng Li , Siliang Tang , Hanwang Zhang

Diffusion models have demonstrated strong potential in language modeling, offering various advantages over traditional autoregressive approaches. Their ability to generate and revise entire responses in parallel enables faster generation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Michael Hersche , Samuel Moor-Smith , Thomas Hofmann , Abbas Rahimi

Diffusion language models (dLMs) have emerged as a promising paradigm that enables parallel, non-autoregressive generation, but their learning efficiency lags behind that of autoregressive (AR) language models when trained from scratch. To…

Reparameterized diffusion models (RDMs) have recently matched autoregressive methods in protein generation, motivating their use for challenging tasks such as designing membrane proteins, which possess interleaved soluble and transmembrane…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-30 Shrey Goel , Peregrine M. Schray , Yinuo Zhang , Sophia Vincoff , Huong T. Kratochvil , Pranam Chatterjee

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive generation by enabling parallel token prediction. However, practical dLLM decoding still suffers from high inference latency, which limits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zhenbang Du , Kejing Xia , Xinrui Zhong , Yonggan Fu , Nicolai Oswald , Binfei Ji , Brucek Khailany , Pavlo Molchanov , Yingyan Lin

Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) has recently been proposed as a potential alternative optimizer to the Stochastic Gradient Descent(SGD) for deep learning problems. This is because ADMM can solve gradient vanishing and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-24 Junxiang Wang , Zheng Chai , Yue Cheng , Liang Zhao

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) offer attractive advantages over Auto-Regressive (AR) models, such as full-attention parallel decoding and flexible generation. However, standard DLM training uses a static, single-step masked prediction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zehua Pei , Hui-Ling Zhen , Weizhe Lin , Sinno Jialin Pan , Yunhe Wang , Mingxuan Yuan , Bei Yu

Large language models (LLMs) predominantly use autoregressive (AR) approaches, but masked diffusion models (MDMs) are emerging as viable alternatives. A key challenge in comparing AR and MDM paradigms is their typical architectural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Shuchen Xue , Tianyu Xie , Tianyang Hu , Zijin Feng , Jiacheng Sun , Kenji Kawaguchi , Zhenguo Li , Zhi-Ming Ma

Despite remarkable progress in autoregressive language models, alternative generative paradigms beyond left-to-right generation are still being actively explored. Discrete diffusion models, with the capacity for parallel generation, have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Minkai Xu , Tomas Geffner , Karsten Kreis , Weili Nie , Yilun Xu , Jure Leskovec , Stefano Ermon , Arash Vahdat

Large language models (LLMs) often face a bottleneck in inference speed due to their reliance on auto-regressive decoding. Recently, parallel decoding has shown significant promise in enhancing inference efficiency. However, we have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Yuxuan Liu , Wenyuan Li , Laizhong Cui , Hailiang Yang

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) offer a promising paradigm for parallel text generation, but in practice they face an accuracy-parallelism trade-off, where increasing tokens per forward (TPF) often degrades generation quality.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haoyang Zhou , Li Kong , Shijie Ren , Xiting Wang , Shuang Liang , Guowei Wang , Zhenxuan Pan

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at various natural language processing tasks but remain vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks that induce harmful content generation. In this paper, we reveal a critical safety inconsistency: LLMs can more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Peng Ding , Wen Sun , Dailin Li , Wei Zou , Jiaming Wang , Jiajun Chen , Shujian Huang

Autoregressive language models decode left-to-right with irreversible commitments, limiting revision during multi-step reasoning. We propose \textbf{VDLM}, a modular variable diffusion language model that separates semantic planning from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Shuhui Qu

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) have recently emerged as a strong alternative to autoregressive language models (LMs). DLMs offer comparable accuracy with faster inference speed via parallel decoding. However, standard DLM decoding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Hengyu Fu , Baihe Huang , Virginia Adams , Charles Wang , Venkat Srinivasan , Jiantao Jiao

Data-driven generative models excel in language and vision, but diffusion models often fail in constrained planning and design tasks, exhibiting severe constraint violations in engineering inverse design, molecular generation, multi-robot…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zirui Zhao , Boye Niu , Harold Soh , David Hsu , Wee Sun Lee

In this paper, our goal is to generate synthetic data for heterogeneous (mixed-type) tabular datasets with high machine learning utility (MLu). Since the MLu performance depends on accurately approximating the conditional distributions, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Seunghwan An , Gyeongdong Woo , Jaesung Lim , ChangHyun Kim , Sungchul Hong , Jong-June Jeon

Video diffusion models (VDMs) perform attention computation over the 3D spatio-temporal domain. Compared to large language models (LLMs) processing 1D sequences, their memory consumption scales cubically, necessitating parallel serving…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Zhiyuan Wu , Shuai Wang , Li Chen , Kaihui Gao , Dan Li , Yanyu Ren , Qiming Zhang , Yong Wang

We present a fast and high-quality codec language model for parallel audio generation. While SoundStorm, a state-of-the-art parallel audio generation model, accelerates inference speed compared to autoregressive models, it still suffers…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Myeonghun Jeong , Minchan Kim , Joun Yeop Lee , Nam Soo Kim

Breakthroughs in the generative AI domain have fueled an explosion of large language model (LLM)-powered applications, whose workloads fundamentally consist of sequences of inferences through transformer architectures. Within this rapidly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Burak Topcu , Musa Oguzhan Cim , Poovaiah Palangappa , Meena Arunachalam , Mahmut Taylan Kandemir