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We study reinforcement learning with function approximation for large-scale Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) where the state space and observation space are large or even continuous. Particularly, we consider Hilbert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Masatoshi Uehara , Ayush Sekhari , Jason D. Lee , Nathan Kallus , Wen Sun

A physical system is determined by a finite set of initial conditions and "laws" represented by equations. The system is computable if we can solve the equations in all instances using a "finite body of mathematical knowledge". In this…

We study the computational complexity of approximating general constrained Markov decision processes. Our primary contribution is the design of a polynomial time $(0,\epsilon)$-additive bicriteria approximation algorithm for finding optimal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Jeremy McMahan

We introduce a reliable compressive procedure to uniquely characterize any given low-rank quantum measurement using a minimal set of probe states that is based solely on data collected from the unknown measurement itself. The procedure is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-03 I. Gianani , Y. S. Teo , V. Cimini , H. Jeong , G. Leuchs , M. Barbieri , L. L. Sanchez-Soto

We present a new characterization of quantum theory in terms of simple physical principles that is different from previous ones in two important respects: first, it only refers to properties of single systems without any assumptions on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-06 Howard Barnum , Markus P. Mueller , Cozmin Ududec

Motivated by understanding the power of quantum computation with restricted number of qubits, we give two complete characterizations of unitary quantum space bounded computation. First we show that approximating an element of the inverse of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-22 Bill Fefferman , Cedric Yen-Yu Lin

Quantum theory combines density matrices, Born probabilities, tensor-product composites, positive-operator-valued measures (POVMs), and quantum channels. In a finite-dimensional causal operational theory, we prove that two postulates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Kenji Nakahira

We find the minimal number of settings to test quantum theory based on real numbers, assuming separability of the sources, modifying the recent proposal [M.-O. Renou et al., Nature 600, 625 (2021)]. The test needs only three settings for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-13 Adam Bednorz , Josep Batle

Recently, several claims have been made that certain fundamental problems of distributed computing, including Leader Election and Distributed Consensus, begin to admit feasible and efficient solutions when the model of distributed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-03-09 Cyril Gavoille , Adrian Kosowski , Marcin Markiewicz

We revisit the problem of computing with noisy information considered in Feige et al. 1994, which includes computing the OR function from noisy queries, and computing the MAX, SEARCH and SORT functions from noisy pairwise comparisons. For…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Banghua Zhu , Ziao Wang , Nadim Ghaddar , Jiantao Jiao , Lele Wang

While concepts and tools from Theoretical Computer Science are regularly applied to, and significantly support, software development for discrete problems, Numerical Engineering largely employs recipes and methods whose correctness and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-01-23 Akitoshi Kawamura , Martin Ziegler

While often treated as abstract algorithmic properties, intelligence and computation are ultimately physical processes constrained by conservation laws. We introduce the Conservation-Congruent Encoding (CCE) framework as a unified,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Peter David Fagan

Quantum computing involving physical systems with continuous degrees of freedom, such as the quantum states of light, has recently attracted significant interest. However, a well-defined quantum complexity theory for these bosonic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Ulysse Chabaud , Michael Joseph , Saeed Mehraban , Arsalan Motamedi

The Heisenberg uncertainty principle is one of the most famous features of quantum mechanics. However, the non-determinism implied by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle --- together with other prominent aspects of quantum mechanics such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-23 Adam Brandenburger , Pierfrancesco La Mura

The quantum computer is supposed to process information by applying unitary transformations to the complex amplitudes defining the state of N qubits. A useful machine needing N=1000 or more, the number of continuous parameters describing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-23 M. I. Dyakonov

This paper develops a quantitative framework to assess the robustness of Bayes-optimal decisions in finite decision problems under model uncertainty. We introduce two complementary stability notions for acts: the robustness radius,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-12 Christoph Jansen , Georg Schollmeyer

As quantum technologies advance, the ability to generate increasingly large quantum states has experienced rapid development. In this context, the verification and estimation of large entangled systems represents one of the main challenges…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-30 Joshua Morris , Valeria Saggio , Aleksandra Gočanin , Borivoje Dakić

In this paper, we give quantum algorithms for two fundamental computation problems: solving polynomial systems over finite fields and optimization where the arguments of the objective function and constraints take values from a finite field…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2018-10-09 Yu-Ao Chen , Xiao-Shan Gao , Chun-Ming Yuan

The one-way quantum computing model introduced by Raussendorf and Briegel [Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (22), 5188-5191 (2001)] shows that it is possible to quantum compute using only a fixed entangled resource known as a cluster state, and adaptive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Michael A. Nielsen , Christopher M. Dawson

We propose and investigate bounds on quantum process fidelity of quantum filters, i.e. probabilistic quantum operations represented by a single Kraus operator K. These bounds generalize the Hofmann bounds on quantum process fidelity of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-08 Michal Sedlak , Jaromír Fiurášek