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Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has proven to be a highly effective strategy for endowing Large Language Models (LLMs) with robust multi-step reasoning abilities. However, its design and optimizations remain tailored…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Zhenhailong Wang , Xuehang Guo , Sofia Stoica , Haiyang Xu , Hongru Wang , Hyeonjeong Ha , Xiusi Chen , Yangyi Chen , Ming Yan , Fei Huang , Heng Ji

Laplace Neural Operators (LNOs) have recently emerged as a promising approach in scientific machine learning due to the ability to learn nonlinear maps between functional spaces. However, this framework often requires substantial amounts of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Haoyang Zheng , Guang Lin

Perspective-taking is the ability to perceive or understand a situation or concept from another individual's point of view, and is crucial in daily human interactions. Enabling robots to perform perspective-taking remains an unsolved…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Kaiqi Chen , Jing Yu Lim , Kingsley Kuan , Harold Soh

Interfacial dynamics underlie a wide range of phenomena, including phase transitions, microstructure coarsening, pattern formation, and thin-film growth, and are typically described by stiff, time-dependent nonlinear partial differential…

Pretraining for partial differential equation (PDE) modeling has recently shown promise in scaling neural operators across datasets to improve generalizability and performance. Despite these advances, our understanding of how pretraining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Anthony Zhou , Cooper Lorsung , AmirPouya Hemmasian , Amir Barati Farimani

A wide range of scientific problems, such as those described by continuous-time dynamical systems and partial differential equations (PDEs), are naturally formulated on function spaces. While function spaces are typically…

Neural operators have recently grown in popularity as Partial Differential Equation (PDE) surrogate models. Learning solution functionals, rather than functions, has proven to be a powerful approach to calculate fast, accurate solutions to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Cooper Lorsung , Amir Barati Farimani

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (NODEs) have proven to be a powerful modeling tool for approximating (interpolation) and forecasting (extrapolation) irregularly sampled time series data. However, their performance degrades…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Hammad A. Ayyubi , Yi Yao , Ajay Divakaran

This study investigates the application of machine learning, specifically Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), to learn time-advancement operators for parametric partial differential equations (PDEs). Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Rixin Yu , Erdzan Hodzic

By learning the mappings between infinite function spaces using carefully designed neural networks, the operator learning methodology has exhibited significantly more efficiency than traditional methods in solving complex problems such as…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-03-06 Ziyuan Liu , Haifeng Wang , Hong Zhang , Kaijuna Bao , Xu Qian , Songhe Song

Accurate modeling of spatiotemporal dynamics is crucial to understanding complex phenomena across science and engineering. However, this task faces a fundamental challenge when the governing equations are unknown and observational data are…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-12-15 Rui Zhang , Han Wan , Yang Liu , Hao Sun

Despite the promise of scientific machine learning (SciML) in combining data-driven techniques with mechanistic modeling, existing approaches for incorporating hard constraints in neural differential equations (NDEs) face significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Avik Pal , Alan Edelman , Christopher Rackauckas

Data-driven methods have emerged as powerful tools for modeling the responses of complex nonlinear materials directly from experimental measurements. Among these methods, the data-driven constitutive models present advantages in physical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Jihong Wang , Xiaochuan Tian , Zhongqiang Zhang , Stewart Silling , Siavash Jafarzadeh , Yue Yu

Learning partial differential equations' (PDEs) solution operators is an essential problem in machine learning. However, there are several challenges for learning operators in practical applications like the irregular mesh, multiple input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Zhongkai Hao , Zhengyi Wang , Hang Su , Chengyang Ying , Yinpeng Dong , Songming Liu , Ze Cheng , Jian Song , Jun Zhu

Different from human nature, it is still common practice today for vision tasks to train deep learning models only initially and on fixed datasets. A variety of approaches have recently addressed handling continual data streams. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Tom Fischer , Yaoyao Liu , Artur Jesslen , Noor Ahmed , Prakhar Kaushik , Angtian Wang , Alan Yuille , Adam Kortylewski , Eddy Ilg

Neural operators have shown great potential in surrogate modeling. However, training a well-performing neural operator typically requires a substantial amount of data, which can pose a major challenge in complex applications. In such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Keyan Chen , Yile Li , Da Long , Zhitong Xu , Wei Xing , Jacob Hochhalter , Shandian Zhe

Accurately quantifying long-term risk probabilities in diverse stochastic systems is essential for safety-critical control. However, existing sampling-based and partial differential equation (PDE)-based methods often struggle to handle…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-29 Zhuoyuan Wang , Raffaele Romagnoli , Kamyar Azizzadenesheli , Yorie Nakahira

Deep models have achieved impressive progress in solving partial differential equations (PDEs). A burgeoning paradigm is learning neural operators to approximate the input-output mappings of PDEs. While previous deep models have explored…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Haixu Wu , Tengge Hu , Huakun Luo , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

We consider optimal experimental design (OED) problems in selecting the most informative observation sensors to estimate model parameters in a Bayesian framework. Such problems are computationally prohibitive when the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Jinwoo Go , Peng Chen

Neural operator surrogates for time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs) conventionally employ autoregressive prediction schemes, which accumulate error over long rollouts and require uniform temporal discretization. We introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Xianglong Hou , Xinquan Huang , Paris Perdikaris