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Related papers: CURE: Curriculum-guided Multi-task Training for Re…

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Efficient instruction tuning aims to enhance the ultimate performance of large language models (LLMs) trained on a given instruction dataset. Curriculum learning as a typical data organization strategy has shown preliminary effectiveness in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yangning Li , Tingwei Lu , Yinghui Li , Yankai Chen , Wei-Chieh Huang , Wenhao Jiang , Hui Wang , Hai-Tao Zheng , Philip S. Yu

To use machine learning in high stakes applications (e.g. medicine), we need tools for building confidence in the system and evaluating whether it is reliable. Methods to improve model reliability often require new learning algorithms (e.g.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-04 Peter Schulam , Suchi Saria

Generating medical reports for X-ray images presents a significant challenge, particularly in unpaired scenarios where access to paired image-report data for training is unavailable. Previous works have typically learned a joint embedding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Elad Hirsch , Gefen Dawidowicz , Ayellet Tal

The high cost of real-world data for robotics Reinforcement Learning (RL) leads to the wide usage of simulators. Despite extensive work on building better dynamics models for simulators to match with the real world, there is another,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Linji Wang , Zifan Xu , Peter Stone , Xuesu Xiao

Recent reinforcement learning (RL) approaches have advanced radiology report generation (RRG), yet two core limitations persist: (1) report-level rewards offer limited evidence-grounded guidance for clinical faithfulness; and (2) current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Qin Zhou , Guoyan Liang , Qianyi Yang , Jingyuan Chen , Sai Wu , Chang Yao , Zhe Wang

Automatic report generation has arisen as a significant research area in computer-aided diagnosis, aiming to alleviate the burden on clinicians by generating reports automatically based on medical images. In this work, we propose a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jun Li , Tongkun Su , Baoliang Zhao , Faqin Lv , Qiong Wang , Nassir Navab , Ying Hu , Zhongliang Jiang

Vision--language models (VLMs) for radiology report generation (RRG) can produce long-form chest CT reports from volumetric scans and show strong potential to improve radiology workflow efficiency and consistency. However, existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Chenyu Wang , Weicheng Dai , Han Liu , Wenchao Li , Kayhan Batmanghelich

High-performing medical Large Language Models (LLMs) typically require extensive fine-tuning with substantial computational resources, limiting accessibility for resource-constrained healthcare institutions. This study introduces a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Ziad Elshaer , Essam A. Rashed

We introduce CRIMSON, a clinically grounded evaluation framework for chest X-ray report generation that assesses reports based on diagnostic correctness, contextual relevance, and patient safety. Unlike prior metrics, CRIMSON incorporates…

Course-based Undergraduate Research Experiences (CUREs) bring the excitement of research into the classroom to improve learning and the sense of belonging in the field. They can reach more students, earlier in their studies, than typical…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-09-04 David A. Strubbe

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) integrates external knowledge to enhance Large Language Models (LLMs), yet systems remain susceptible to two critical flaws: providing correct answers without explicit grounded evidence and producing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yibo Zhao , Jiapeng Zhu , Zichen Ding , Xiang Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold significant promise for improving clinical decision support and reducing physician burnout by synthesizing complex, longitudinal cancer Electronic Health Records (EHRs). However, their implementation in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Dongchen Li , Jitao Liang , Wei Li , Xiaoyu Wang , Longbing Cao , Kun Yu

Automated radiology report generation from 3D computed tomography (CT) volumes is challenging due to extreme sequence lengths, severe class imbalance, and the tendency of large language models (LLMs) to ignore visual tokens in favor of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 V. K. Cody Bumgardner , Mitchell A. Klusty , Mahmut S. Gokmen , Evan W. Damron

Recent advances in reinforcement learning with verifiable, rule-based rewards have greatly enhanced the reasoning capabilities and out-of-distribution generalization of VLMs/LLMs, obviating the need for manually crafted reasoning chains.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Shaohao Rui , Kaitao Chen , Weijie Ma , Xiaosong Wang

The increasing use of large language models in mental health applications calls for principled evaluation frameworks that assess alignment with psychotherapeutic best practices beyond surface-level fluency. While recent systems exhibit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Abdullah Mazhar , Het Riteshkumar Shah , Aseem Srivastava , Smriti Joshi , Md Shad Akhtar

Radiology Report Generation (RRG) is essential for computer-aided diagnosis and medication guidance, which can relieve the heavy burden of radiologists by automatically generating the corresponding radiology reports according to the given…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Weixing Chen , Yang Liu , Ce Wang , Jiarui Zhu , Guanbin Li , Cheng-Lin Liu , Liang Lin

As Text-to-Image models continue to evolve, so does the risk of generating unsafe, copyrighted, or privacy-violating content. Existing safety interventions - ranging from training data curation and model fine-tuning to inference-time…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shristi Das Biswas , Arani Roy , Kaushik Roy

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) can generate convincing clinical narratives, yet frequently struggle to visually ground their statements. We posit this limitation arises from the scarcity of high-quality, large-scale clinical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Mengmeng Zhang , Xiaoping Wu , Hao Luo , Fan Wang , Yisheng Lv

Foundation models have recently achieved impressive success in computational pathology, demonstrating strong generalization across diverse histopathology tasks. However, existing models overlook the heterogeneous and non-uniform…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Di Zhang , Zhangpeng Gong , Xiaobo Pang , Jiashuai Liu , Junbo Lu , Hao Cui , Jiusong Ge , Zhi Zeng , Kai Yi , Yinghua Li , Si Liu , Tingsong Yu , Haoran Wang , Mireia Crispin-Ortuzar , Weimiao Yu , Chen Li , Zeyu Gao

Evaluating radiology reports is a challenging problem as factual correctness is extremely important due to the need for accurate medical communication about medical images. Existing automatic evaluation metrics either suffer from failing to…