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The electrocardiogram (ECG) is the gold standard for non-invasive diagnosis of cardiac pathologies and is a fundamental pillar of cardiovascular medicine. Recent progress in deep learning has led to the development of robust automated…

Although electrocardiograms (ECG) play a dominant role in cardiovascular diagnosis and treatment, their intrinsic data forms and representational patterns pose significant challenges for medical multimodal large language models (Med-MLLMs)…

Foundation models have recently gained significant attention because of their generalizability and adaptability across multiple tasks and data distributions. Although medical foundation models have emerged, solutions for cardiac imaging,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Sekeun Kim , Pengfei Jin , Sifan Song , Cheng Chen , Yiwei Li , Hui Ren , Xiang Li , Tianming Liu , Quanzheng Li

The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is a quasi-periodic, multi-channel signal with diagnostic content spanning timescales from millisecond waveform morphology to multi-second rhythm dynamics. Existing ECG representation learning relies on…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Lei Xu , Fahad Sohrab , Mehmet Yamac , Merja Heinaniemi , Moncef Gabbouj

The diagnostic value of electrocardiogram (ECG) lies in its dynamic characteristics, ranging from rhythm fluctuations to subtle waveform deformations that evolve across time and frequency domains. However, supervised ECG models tend to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-29 He-Yang Xu , Hongxiang Gao , Yuwen Li , Xiu-Shen Wei , Chengyu Liu

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal exhibits inherent uniqueness, making it a promising biometric modality for identity authentication. As a result, ECG authentication has gained increasing attention in recent years. However, most existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Mingyu Dong , Zhidong Zhao , Hao Wang , Yefei Zhang , Yanjun Deng

Electrocardiography (ECG) is a non-invasive tool for predicting cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Current ECG-based diagnosis systems show promising performance owing to the rapid development of deep learning techniques. However, the label…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-21 Rushuang Zhou , Lei Lu , Zijun Liu , Ting Xiang , Zhen Liang , David A. Clifton , Yining Dong , Yuan-Ting Zhang

Deep learning applied to electrocardiogram (ECG) data can be used to achieve personal authentication in biometric security applications, but it has not been widely used to diagnose cardiovascular disorders. We developed a deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Song-Kyoo Kim , Chan Yeob Yeun , Paul D. Yoo , Nai-Wei Lo , Ernesto Damiani

Echocardiography (echo) is an ultrasound imaging modality that is widely used for various cardiovascular diagnosis tasks. Due to inter-observer variability in echo-based diagnosis, which arises from the variability in echo image acquisition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Masoud Mokhtari , Neda Ahmadi , Teresa S. M. Tsang , Purang Abolmaesumi , Renjie Liao

Cardiologists use electrocardiograms (ECG) for the detection of arrhythmias. However, continuous monitoring of ECG signals to detect cardiac abnormal-ities requires significant time and human resources. As a result, several deep learning…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-25 JuneYoung Park , Da Young Kim , Yunsoo Kim , Jisu Yoo , Tae Joon Kim

Purpose: An Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the simplest and fastest bio-medical test that is used to detect any heart-related disease. ECG signals are generally stored in paper form, which makes it difficult to store and analyze the data. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Rupali Patil , Bhairav Narkhede , Shubham Varma , Shreyans Suraliya , Ninad Mehendale

The seismocardiographic signal is a promising alternative to the traditional ECG in the analysis of the cardiac activity. In particular, the systolic complex is known to be the most informative part of the seismocardiogram, thus requiring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Michele Craighero , Sarah Solbiati , Federica Mozzini , Enrico Caiani , Giacomo Boracchi

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) show promising performance in automated electrocardiogram interpretation, it remains unclear whether they genuinely perform actual step-by-step reasoning or just rely on superficial visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jungwoo Oh , Hyunseung Chung , Junhee Lee , Min-Gyu Kim , Hangyul Yoon , Ki Seong Lee , Youngchae Lee , Muhan Yeo , Edward Choi

Cardiovascular disease is a major life-threatening condition that is commonly monitored using electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. However, these signals are often contaminated by various types of noise at different intensities, significantly…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-17 Ding Zhu , Vishnu Kabir Chhabra , Mohammad Mahdi Khalili

Electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis is vital for detecting cardiac abnormalities, yet robust automated classification is challenging due to the complexity and variability of physiological signals. In this work, we investigate transformer-based…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Sucheta Ghosh , Zahra Monfared

Background and Objective: Event-based analog-to-digital converters allow for sparse bio-signal acquisition, enabling local sub-Nyquist sampling frequency. However, aggressive event selection can cause the loss of important bio-markers, not…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-06 Silvio Zanoli , Tomas Teijeiro , Giovanni Ansaloni , David Atienza

Deep learning has improved automated electrocardiogram (ECG) classification, but limited insight into prediction reliability hinders its use in safety-critical settings. This paper proposes UCTECG-Net, an uncertainty-aware hybrid…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Hamzeh Asgharnezhad , Pegah Tabarisaadi , Abbas Khosravi , Roohallah Alizadehsani , U. Rajendra Acharya

Electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation is essential for cardiovascular disease diagnosis, but current automated systems often struggle with transparency and generalization to unseen conditions. To address this, we introduce ZETA, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jialu Tang , Hung Manh Pham , Ignace De Lathauwer , Henk S. Schipper , Yuan Lu , Dong Ma , Aaqib Saeed

Precise and effective processing of cardiac imaging data is critical for the identification and management of the cardiovascular diseases. We introduce IntelliCardiac, a comprehensive, web-based medical image processing platform for the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-09 Ting Yu Tsai , An Yu , Meghana Spurthi Maadugundu , Ishrat Jahan Mohima , Umme Habiba Barsha , Mei-Hwa F. Chen , Balakrishnan Prabhakaran , Ming-Ching Chang

Rare cardiac anomalies are difficult to detect from electrocardiograms (ECGs) due to their long-tailed distribution with extremely limited case counts and demographic disparities in diagnostic performance. These limitations contribute to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Chaoqin Huang , Zi Zeng , Aofan Jiang , Yuchen Xu , Qing Cao , Kang Chen , Chenfei Chi , Yanfeng Wang , Ya Zhang