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This paper presents a large language model (LLM)-based framework that adapts and fine-tunes compact LLMs for detecting cyberattacks on transformer current differential relays (TCDRs), which can otherwise cause false tripping of critical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ahmad Mohammad Saber , Saeed Jafari , Zhengmao Ouyang , Paul Budnarain , Amr Youssef , Deepa Kundur

With the proliferation of edge devices, there is a significant increase in attack surface on these devices. The decentralized deployment of threat intelligence on edge devices, coupled with adaptive machine learning techniques such as the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Syed Mhamudul Hasan , Alaa M. Alotaibi , Sajedul Talukder , Abdur R. Shahid

Graph Neural Network (GNN)-based network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) are often evaluated on single datasets, limiting their ability to generalize under distribution drift. Furthermore, their adversarial robustness is typically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Zhonghao Zhan , Huichi Zhou , Hamed Haddadi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being used more and more for various coding tasks, including to help coders identify bugs and are a promising avenue to support coders in various tasks including vulnerability detection -- particularly given…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ignacio Mariano Andreozzi Pofcher , Joshua Ellul

This paper proposes a novel federated learning approach for improving IoT network intrusion detection. The rise of IoT has expanded the cyber attack surface, making traditional centralized machine learning methods insufficient due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Van Tuan Nguyen , Razvan Beuran

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) presents new opportunities for automated software vulnerability detection, a crucial task in securing modern codebases. This paper presents a comparative study on the effectiveness of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Md Hasan Saju , Maher Muhtadi , Akramul Azim

Internet of Things (IoT) sensors are ubiquitous technologies deployed across smart cities, industrial sites, and healthcare systems. They continuously generate time series data that enable advanced analytics and automation in industries.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Muhammad Sakib Khan Inan , Kewen Liao

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices is paralleled by them being on the front-line of malicious attacks. This has led to an explosion in the number of IoT malware, with continued mutations, evolution, and sophistication.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Ahmed Abusnaina , Afsah Anwar , Sultan Alshamrani , Abdulrahman Alabduljabbar , RhongHo Jang , Daehun Nyang , David Mohaisen

An application of software known as an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) employs machine algorithms to identify network intrusions. Selective logging, safeguarding privacy, reputation-based defense against numerous attacks, and dynamic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Muhammad Zawad Mahmud , Samiha Islam , Shahran Rahman Alve , Al Jubayer Pial

In the context of the growing proliferation of user devices and the concurrent surge in data volumes, the complexities arising from the substantial increase in data have posed formidable challenges to conventional machine learning model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Eyad Gad , Zubair Md Fadlullah , Mostafa M. Fouda

Radio frequency fingerprint identification (RFFI) can uniquely classify wireless devices by analyzing the received signal distortions caused by the intrinsic hardware impairments. The state-of-the-art deep learning techniques such as…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-30 Guanxiong Shen , Junqing Zhang , Alan Marshall , Mikko Valkama , Joseph Cavallaro

The development of intelligent Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) systems promises to revolutionize operational and maintenance practices, driving improvements in operational efficiency. Anomaly detection within IIoT architectures plays a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Oscar Torres Sanchez , Guilherme Borges , Duarte Raposo , André Rodrigues , Fernando Boavida , Jorge Sá Silva

Internet of Things (IoT) is ubiquitous because of its broad applications and the advance in communication technologies. The capabilities of IoT also enable its important role in homeland security and tactical missions, including…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Xi Hang Cao , Xiaojiang Du , E. Paul Ratazzi

This work explores the use of machine learning techniques on an Internet-of-Things firmware dataset to detect malicious attempts to infect edge devices or subsequently corrupt an entire network. Firmware updates are uncommon in IoT devices;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Erik Larsen , Korey MacVittie , John Lilly

Despite the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across various sectors, cyber security continues to rely on traditional static and dynamic analysis tools, hampered by high false positive rates and superficial code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Rajesh Yarra

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) have played a significant role in detecting and preventing cyber-attacks within traditional computing systems. It is not surprising that the same technology is being applied to secure Internet of Things…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Mohammed Jouhari , Mohsen Guizani

The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has expanded the attack surface, necessitating efficient intrusion detection systems (IDSs) for network protection. This paper presents FLARE, a feature-based lightweight aggregation for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Bradley Boswell , Seth Barrett , Swarnamugi Rajaganapathy , Gokila Dorai

Recently, Automated Vulnerability Localization (AVL) has attracted growing attention, aiming to facilitate diagnosis by pinpointing the specific lines of code responsible for vulnerabilities. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Jian Zhang , Chong Wang , Anran Li , Weisong Sun , Cen Zhang , Wei Ma , Yang Liu

Attack vectors for adversaries have increased in organizations because of the growing use of less secure IoT devices. The risk of attacks on an organization's network has also increased due to the bring your own device (BYOD) policy which…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Jaidip Kotak , Yuval Elovici

Our life is getting filled by Internet of Things (IoT) devices. These devices often rely on closed or poorly documented protocols, with unknown formats and semantics. Learning how to interact with such devices in an autonomous manner is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Giulia Milan , Luca Vassio , Idilio Drago , Marco Mellia