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Foundation models such as Segment Anything Model 3 (SAM3) enable flexible text-guided medical image segmentation, yet their predictions remain highly sensitive to prompt formulation. Even semantically equivalent descriptions can yield…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yonghuang Wu , Zhenyang Liang , Wenwen Zeng , Xuan Xie , Jinhua Yu

Segment Anything Models (SAMs) like SEEM and SAM have demonstrated great potential in learning to segment anything. The core design of SAMs lies with Promptable Segmentation, which takes a handcrafted prompt as input and returns the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Jiaxing Huang , Kai Jiang , Jingyi Zhang , Han Qiu , Lewei Lu , Shijian Lu , Eric Xing

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) has recently emerged as a significant breakthrough in foundation models, demonstrating remarkable zero-shot performance in object segmentation tasks. While SAM is designed for generalization, it exhibits…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Josh Stein , Maxime Di Folco , Julia A. Schnabel

Although the Segment Anything Model (SAM) is highly effective in natural image segmentation, it requires dependencies on prompts, which limits its applicability to medical imaging where manual prompts are often unavailable. Existing efforts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Mengmeng Zhang , Xingyuan Dai , Yicheng Sun , Jing Wang , Yueyang Yao , Xiaoyan Gong , Fuze Cong , Feiyue Wang , Yisheng Lv

Segmentation is central to clinical diagnosis and monitoring, yet the reliability of modern foundation models in medical imaging still depends on the availability of precise prompts. The Segment Anything Model (SAM) offers powerful…

Promptable segmentation, introduced by the Segment Anything Model (SAM), is a promising approach for medical imaging, as it enables clinicians to guide and refine model predictions interactively. However, SAM's architecture is designed for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Théo Danielou , Daniel Tordjman , Pierre Manceron , Corentin Dancette

While 3D foundational models have shown promise for promptable segmentation of medical volumes, their robustness to imprecise prompts remains under-explored. In this work, we aim to address this gap by systematically studying the effect of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Soumitri Chattopadhyay , Basar Demir , Marc Niethammer

Purpose: The recent Segment Anything Model (SAM) has demonstrated impressive performance with point, text or bounding box prompts, in various applications. However, in safety-critical surgical tasks, prompting is not possible due to (i) the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Yuyang Sheng , Sophia Bano , Matthew J. Clarkson , Mobarakol Islam

With the proposal of the Segment Anything Model (SAM), fine-tuning SAM for medical image segmentation (MIS) has become popular. However, due to the large size of the SAM model and the significant domain gap between natural and medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Jinfeng Wang , Sifan Song , Xinkun Wang , Yiyi Wang , Yiyi Miao , Jionglong Su , S. Kevin Zhou

Foundational models such as the Segment Anything Model (SAM) are gaining traction in medical imaging segmentation, supporting multiple downstream tasks. However, such models are supervised in nature, still relying on large annotated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Aishik Konwer , Zhijian Yang , Erhan Bas , Cao Xiao , Prateek Prasanna , Parminder Bhatia , Taha Kass-Hout

Code generation models are widely used in software development, yet their sensitivity to prompt phrasing remains under-examined. Identical requirements expressed with different emotions or communication styles can yield divergent outputs,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Wei Ma , Yixiao Yang , Jingquan Ge , Xiaofei Xie , Lingxiao Jiang

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) has recently emerged as a groundbreaking foundation model for prompt-driven image segmentation tasks. However, both the original SAM and its medical variants require slice-by-slice manual prompting of target…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Yichi Zhang , Shiyao Hu , Sijie Ren , Chen Jiang , Yuan Cheng , Yuan Qi

Segment Anything Model (SAM) has gained significant recognition in the field of semantic segmentation due to its versatile capabilities and impressive performance. Despite its success, SAM faces two primary limitations: (1) it relies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yuchen Li , Li Zhang , Youwei Liang , Pengtao Xie

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) is a deep neural network foundational model designed to perform instance segmentation which has gained significant popularity given its zero-shot segmentation ability. SAM operates by generating masks based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Yona Falinie A. Gaus , Neelanjan Bhowmik , Brian K. S. Isaac-Medina , Toby P. Breckon

Training segmentation models for medical images continues to be challenging due to the limited availability of data annotations. Segment Anything Model (SAM) is a foundation model that is intended to segment user-defined objects of interest…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Maciej A. Mazurowski , Haoyu Dong , Hanxue Gu , Jichen Yang , Nicholas Konz , Yixin Zhang

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) is a powerful foundation model that introduced revolutionary advancements in natural image segmentation. However, its performance remains sub-optimal when delineating the intricate structure of biomedical…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-05 Xiangru Li , Yifei Zhang , Liang Zhao

Recently, Segmenting Anything has taken an important step towards general artificial intelligence. At the same time, its reliability and fairness have also attracted great attention, especially in the field of health care. In this study, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Guoyao Deng , Ke Zou , Kai Ren , Meng Wang , Xuedong Yuan , Sancong Ying , Huazhu Fu

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) is a powerful foundation model for image segmentation, showing robust zero-shot generalization through prompt engineering. However, relying on manual prompts is impractical for real-world applications,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yi Chen , Mu-Young Son , Chuanbo Hua , Joo-Young Kim

Interactive segmentation methods rely on user inputs to iteratively update the selection mask. A click specifying the object of interest is arguably the most simple and intuitive interaction type, and thereby the most common choice for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Andrey Moskalenko , Vlad Shakhuro , Anna Vorontsova , Anton Konushin , Anton Antonov , Alexander Krapukhin , Denis Shepelev , Konstantin Soshin

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) is a recently developed all-range foundation model for image segmentation. It can use sparse manual prompts such as bounding boxes to generate pixel-level segmentation in natural images but struggles in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Xing Yao , Han Liu , Dewei Hu , Daiwei Lu , Ange Lou , Hao Li , Ruining Deng , Gabriel Arenas , Baris Oguz , Nadav Schwartz , Brett C Byram , Ipek Oguz