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Recommender systems learn from historical users' feedback that is often non-uniformly distributed across items. As a consequence, these systems may end up suggesting popular items more than niche items progressively, even when the latter…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Ludovico Boratto , Gianni Fenu , Mirko Marras

In real-world recommender systems, user-item interactions are Missing Not At Random (MNAR), as interactions with popular items are more frequently observed than those with less popular ones. Missing observations shift recommendations toward…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Kazuma Onishi , Katsuhiko Hayashi , Hidetaka Kamigaito

Sequential recommendation models aim to learn from users evolving preferences. However, current state-of-the-art models suffer from an inherent popularity bias. This study developed a novel framework, BiCoRec, that adaptively accommodates…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Mufhumudzi Muthivhi , Terence L van Zyl , Hairong Wang

This paper jointly addresses the problem of data uncertainty, popularity bias, and exposure bias in session-based recommender systems. We study the symptoms of this bias both in item embeddings and in recommendations. We propose treating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Klaudia Balcer , Piotr Lipinski

Preference learning in large language models relies on reward models as proxies for human judgment. However, these models frequently exhibit preference instability, producing contradictory preference assignments in response to subtle,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Shunchang Liu , Xin Chen , Belen Martin Urcelay , Francesco Croce

Recommender systems often suffer from popularity bias, where popular items are overly recommended while sacrificing unpopular items. Existing researches generally focus on ensuring the number of recommendations exposure of each item is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Yuanhao Liu , Qi Cao , Huawei Shen , Yunfan Wu , Shuchang Tao , Xueqi Cheng

Recommendation and ranking systems are known to suffer from popularity bias; the tendency of the algorithm to favor a few popular items while under-representing the majority of other items. Prior research has examined various approaches for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Himan Abdollahpouri , Masoud Mansoury , Robin Burke , Bamshad Mobasher , Edward Malthouse

Recently there has been a growing interest in fairness-aware recommender systems, including fairness in providing consistent performance across different users or groups of users. A recommender system could be considered unfair if the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Himan Abdollahpouri , Masoud Mansoury , Robin Burke , Bamshad Mobasher

Recommender system based on historical user-item interactions is of vital importance for web-based services. However, the observed data used to train the recommender model suffers from severe bias issues. Practically, the item frequency…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yule Wang , Xin Xin , Yue Ding , Yunzhe Li , Dong Wang

Previous highly scalable one-class collaborative filtering methods such as Projected Linear Recommendation (PLRec) have advocated using fast randomized SVD to embed items into a latent space, followed by linear regression methods to learn…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Ga Wu , Maksims Volkovs , Chee Loong Soon , Scott Sanner , Himanshu Rai

Recommendation model interpretation aims to reveal the relationships between inputs, model internal representations and outputs to enhance the transparency, interpretability, and trustworthiness of recommendation systems. However, the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Jiayin Wang , Xiaoyu Zhang , Weizhi Ma , Zhiqiang Guo , Min Zhang

Popularity bias is a well-known issue in recommender systems where few popular items are over-represented in the input data, while majority of other less popular items are under-represented. This disparate representation often leads to bias…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Masoud Mansoury , Finn Duijvestijn , Imane Mourabet

Conversational recommender systems (CRS) have shown great success in accurately capturing a user's current and detailed preference through the multi-round interaction cycle while effectively guiding users to a more personalized…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Allen Lin , Jianling Wang , Ziwei Zhu , James Caverlee

Recommender systems usually learn user interests from various user behaviors, including clicks and post-click behaviors (e.g., like and favorite). However, these behaviors inevitably exhibit popularity bias, leading to some unfairness…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Xi Wang , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Wenge Rong , Chuantao Yin , Zhang Xiong

In leading collaborative filtering (CF) models, representations of users and items are prone to learn popularity bias in the training data as shortcuts. The popularity shortcut tricks are good for in-distribution (ID) performance but poorly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 An Zhang , Wenchang Ma , Jingnan Zheng , Xiang Wang , Tat-seng Chua

Traditionally, especially in academic research in recommender systems, the focus has been solely on the satisfaction of the end-user. While user satisfaction has, indeed, been associated with the success of the business, it is not the only…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Himan Abdollahpouri

Recommendation algorithms are known to suffer from popularity bias; a few popular items are recommended frequently while the majority of other items are ignored. These recommendations are then consumed by the users, their reaction will be…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Masoud Mansoury , Himan Abdollahpouri , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Bamshad Mobasher , Robin Burke

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have recently emerged as pivotal tools for introspection into large language models. SAEs can uncover high-quality, interpretable features at different levels of granularity and enable targeted steering of the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Martin Spišák , Ladislav Peška , Petr Škoda , Vojtěch Vančura , Rodrigo Alves

Collaborative Filtering (CF) typically suffers from the significant challenge of popularity bias due to the uneven distribution of items in real-world datasets. This bias leads to a significant accuracy gap between popular and unpopular…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Miaomiao Cai , Lei Chen , Yifan Wang , Haoyue Bai , Peijie Sun , Le Wu , Min Zhang , Meng Wang

Recommending items that solely cater to users' historical interests narrows users' horizons. Recent works have considered steering target users beyond their historical interests by directly adjusting items exposed to them. However, the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Hang Pan , Shuxian Bi , Wenjie Wang , Haoxuan Li , Peng Wu , Fuli Feng