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Spatial-mode demultiplexing (SPADE) has recently been adopted to measure the separation in the transverse plane between two incoherent point-like sources. It has been argued that this approach may yield extraordinary performances in the…

We investigate theoretically coherent detection implemented simultaneously on a set of mutually orthogonal spatial modes in the image plane as a method to characterize properties of a composite thermal source below the Rayleigh limit. A…

Rayleigh's criterion states that it becomes essentially difficult to resolve two incoherent optical point sources separated by a distance below the width of point spread functions (PSF), namely in the subdiffraction limit. Recently,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-09 Sisi Zhou , Liang Jiang

The problem of resolving point-like light sources not only serves as a benchmark for optical resolution but also holds various practical applications ranging from microscopy to astronomy. In this research, we aim to resolve two thermal…

We investigate the resolution for imaging two pointlike entangled sources by using the method of the moments and the spatial-mode demultiplexing (SPADE), where the pointlike entangled sources can be generated by injecting single-mode…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-21 Huan Zhang , Wei Ye , Ying Xia , Zeyang Liao , Xue-hua Wang

Using a semiclassical model of photodetection with Poissonian noise and insights from quantum metrology, we prove that linear optics and photon counting can optimally estimate the separation between two incoherent point sources without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-08 Mankei Tsang , Ranjith Nair , Xiao-Ming Lu

We analyze the fundamental quantum limit of the resolution of an optical imaging system from the perspective of the detection problem of deciding whether the optical field in the image plane is generated by one incoherent on-axis source…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-10 Xiao-Ming Lu , Hari Krovi , Ranjith Nair , Saikat Guha , Jeffrey H. Shapiro

Abstract Superresolution has been demonstrated to overcome the limitation of the Rayleigh's criterion and achieve significant improvement of the precision in resolving the separation of two incoherent optical point sources. However, in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-06 Junyan Li , Shengshi Pang

Superresolution refers to the estimation of parameters of an image with an accuracy beyond standard classical techniques such as direct detection. In seminal work by Lu et al., a measurement to estimate the separation distance of two point…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-30 Hari Krovi

I propose classical and quantum limits to the statistical resolution of two incoherent optical point sources from the perspective of minimax parameter estimation. Unlike earlier results based on the Cram\'er-Rao bound, the limits proposed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-26 Mankei Tsang

Sensitivity limits are usually determined using the Cram\'er-Rao bound. Recently this approach has been used to obtain the ultimate resolution limit for the estimation of the separation between two incoherent point sources. However, methods…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-22 Giacomo Sorelli , Manuel Gessner , Mattia Walschaers , Nicolas Treps

Sub-diffraction-limit resolution, or super-resolution, had been successfully demonstrated by recent theoretical and experimental studies for two-point sources with ideal equal-brightness and strict incoherenceness. Unfortunately, practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-14 Abdelali Sajia , X. -F. Qian

Resolving the separation between two incoherent optical sources with high precision is of great significance for fluorescence imaging and astronomical observations. In this paper, we focus on a more general scenario where two sources have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-08 Jian-Dong Zhang , Yiwen Fu , Lili Hou , Shuai Wang

We establish a simple method to assess the quantum Fisher information required for resolving two incoherent point sources with an imaging system. The resulting Cram\'er-Rao bound shows that the standard Rayleigh limit can be surpassed by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-28 Martin Paur , Bohumil Stoklasa , Zdenek Hradil , Luis L. Sanchez-Soto , Jaroslav Rehacek

I present a semiclassical analysis of a spatial-mode demultiplexing (SPADE) measurement scheme for far-field incoherent optical imaging under the effects of diffraction and photon shot noise. Building on previous results that assume two…

Optics · Physics 2018-02-28 Mankei Tsang

Conventional incoherent imaging based on measuring the spatial intensity distribution in the image plane faces the resolution hurdle described by the Rayleigh diffraction criterion. Here, we demonstrate theoretically using the concept of…

Spatially resolving two incoherent point sources whose separation is well below the diffraction limit dictated by classical optics has recently been shown possible using techniques that decompose the incoming radiation into orthogonal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-10 J. O. de Almeida , J. Kołodyński , C. Hirche , M. Lewenstein , M. Skotiniotis

The resolution of optical imaging is classically limited by the width of the point-spread function, which in turn is determined by the Rayleigh length. Recently, spatial-mode demultiplexing (SPADE) has been proposed as a method to achieve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-26 Giuseppe Buonaiuto , Cosmo Lupo

The Rayleigh criterion is a widely known limit in the resolution of incoherent sources with classical measurements in the spatial domain. Unsurprisingly the estimation of the time delay between two weak incoherent signals is afflicted by an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-12 Salvatore Muratore , Vincenzo Tamma

Estimating the angular separation between two incoherent thermal sources is a challenging task for direct imaging, especially when it is smaller than or comparable to the Rayleigh length. In addition, the task of discriminating whether…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Ugo Zanforlin , Cosmo Lupo , Peter W. R. Connolly , Pieter Kok , Gerald S. Buller , Zixin Huang