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Recent Audio Multimodal Large Language Models (Audio MLLMs) demonstrate impressive performance on speech benchmarks, yet it remains unclear whether these models genuinely process acoustic signals or rely on text-based semantic inference. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Jiaqi Xiong , Yunjia Qi , Qi Cao , Yu Zheng , Yutong Zhang , Ziteng Wang , Ruofan Liao , Weisheng Xu , Sichen Liu

Safe deployment of large language models (LLMs) may benefit from a reliable method for assessing their generated content to determine when to abstain or to selectively generate. While likelihood-based metrics such as perplexity are widely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Jie Ren , Yao Zhao , Tu Vu , Peter J. Liu , Balaji Lakshminarayanan

Recent Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) exhibit impressive capabilities in understanding audio content for conversational QA tasks. However, these models struggle to accurately understand timestamps for temporal localization (e.g.,…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Hualei Wang , Yiming Li , Shuo Ma , Hong Liu , Xiangdong Wang

In this paper, we introduce Audiopedia, a novel task called Audio Question Answering with Knowledge, which requires both audio comprehension and external knowledge reasoning. Unlike traditional Audio Question Answering (AQA) benchmarks that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Abhirama Subramanyam Penamakuri , Kiran Chhatre , Akshat Jain

Question answering (QA) can only make progress if we know if an answer is correct, but for many of the most challenging and interesting QA examples, current evaluation metrics to determine answer equivalence (AE) often do not align with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Zongxia Li , Ishani Mondal , Yijun Liang , Huy Nghiem , Jordan Boyd-Graber

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) demonstrate impressive performance across diverse tasks, ranging from speech recognition to general audio understanding. However, their scalability is limited by the quadratic complexity of attention and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-27 Saurabhchand Bhati , Samuel Thomas , Hilde Kuehne , Rogerio Feris , James Glass

Large diffusion models have been successful in text-to-audio (T2A) synthesis tasks, but they often suffer from common issues such as semantic misalignment and poor temporal consistency due to limited natural language understanding and data…

Instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently showcased remarkable advancements in their ability to generate fitting responses to natural language instructions. However, many current works rely on manual evaluation to judge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Ansar Aynetdinov , Alan Akbik

The rapid progress of generative artificial intelligence has exposed fundamental limitations in existing evaluation methodologies, particularly for open-ended, creative, and human-facing tasks. Traditional automatic metrics rely on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Marjan Veysi , Pirooz Shamsinejadbabaki , Mohammad Zare , Mohammad Sabouri

Existing automatic evaluation on text-to-image synthesis can only provide an image-text matching score, without considering the object-level compositionality, which results in poor correlation with human judgments. In this work, we propose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Yujie Lu , Xianjun Yang , Xiujun Li , Xin Eric Wang , William Yang Wang

We present ACCORD, a framework and benchmark suite for disentangling the commonsense grounding and reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) through controlled, multi-hop counterfactuals. ACCORD introduces formal elements to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-10 François Roewer-Després , Jinyue Feng , Zining Zhu , Frank Rudzicz

The foundational capabilities established by Large Language Models (LLMs) have paved the way for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), within which Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) are essential for realizing universal auditory…

The recent development of Audio-based Distributional Semantic Models (ADSMs) enables the computation of audio and lexical vector representations in a joint acoustic-semantic space. In this work, these joint representations are applied to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-12-28 Giannis Karamanolakis , Elias Iosif , Athanasia Zlatintsi , Aggelos Pikrakis , Alexandros Potamianos

In the era of large language models (LLMs) and artificial general intelligence (AGI), computer audition must evolve beyond traditional paradigms to fully leverage the capabilities of foundation models, towards more comprehensive…

In recent years, Text-to-Audio Generation has achieved remarkable progress, offering sound creators powerful tools to transform textual inspirations into vivid audio. However, existing models predominantly operate directly in the acoustic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-30 Zheqi Dai , Guangyan Zhang , Haolin He , Xiquan Li , Jingyu Li , Chunyat Wu , Yiwen Guo , Qiuqiang Kong

To use generative question-and-answering (QA) systems for decision-making and in any critical application, these systems need to provide well-calibrated confidence scores that reflect the correctness of their answers. Existing calibration…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Putra Manggala , Atalanti Mastakouri , Elke Kirschbaum , Shiva Prasad Kasiviswanathan , Aaditya Ramdas

Various audio-LLMs (ALLMs) have been explored recently for tackling different audio tasks simultaneously using a single, unified model. While existing evaluations of ALLMs primarily focus on single-audio tasks, real-world applications often…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Yiming Chen , Xianghu Yue , Xiaoxue Gao , Chen Zhang , Luis Fernando D'Haro , Robby T. Tan , Haizhou Li

Grading exams is an important, labor-intensive, subjective, repetitive, and frequently challenging task. The feasibility of autograding textual responses has greatly increased thanks to the availability of large language models (LLMs) such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Johannes Schneider , Bernd Schenk , Christina Niklaus

Processing long-form audio is a major challenge for Large Audio Language models (LALMs). These models struggle with the quadratic cost of attention ($O(N^2)$) and with modeling long-range temporal dependencies. Existing audio benchmarks are…

The Automated Audio Captioning (AAC) task asks models to generate natural language descriptions of an audio input. Evaluating these machine-generated audio captions is a complex task that requires considering diverse factors, among them,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Tsung-Han Wu , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Trevor Darrell , David M. Chan
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