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Symbolic regression seeks to uncover physical laws from experimental data by searching for closed-form expressions, which is an important task in AI-driven scientific discovery. Yet the exponential growth of the search space of expression…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Nan Jiang , Ziyi Wang , Yexiang Xue

Symbolic regression (SR) aims to discover concise closed-form mathematical equations from data, a task fundamental to scientific discovery. However, the problem is highly challenging because closed-form equations lie in a complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Samuel Holt , Zhaozhi Qian , Mihaela van der Schaar

Symbolic regression (SR) is an area of interpretable machine learning that aims to identify mathematical expressions, often composed of simple functions, that best fit in a given set of covariates $X$ and response $y$. In recent years, deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Sida Li , Ioana Marinescu , Sebastian Musslick

In a regression task, a function is learned from labeled data to predict the labels at new data points. The goal is to achieve small prediction errors. In symbolic regression, the goal is more ambitious, namely, to learn an interpretable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Paul Kahlmeyer , Joachim Giesen , Michael Habeck , Henrik Voigt

Regression analysis is used for prediction and to understand the effect of independent variables on dependent variables. Symbolic regression (SR) automates the search for non-linear regression models, delivering a set of hypotheses that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Fabricio Olivetti de Franca , Gabriel Kronberger

Symbolic regression is a powerful system identification technique in industrial scenarios where no prior knowledge on model structure is available. Such scenarios often require specific model properties such as interpretability, robustness,…

Symbolic Regression (SR) algorithms attempt to learn analytic expressions which fit data accurately and in a highly interpretable manner. Conventional SR suffers from two fundamental issues which we address here. First, these methods search…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-05 Deaglan J. Bartlett , Harry Desmond , Pedro G. Ferreira

Symbolic regression (SR) is the problem of learning a symbolic expression from numerical data. Recently, deep neural models trained on procedurally-generated synthetic datasets showed competitive performance compared to more classical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Pierre-Alexandre Kamienny , Guillaume Lample , Sylvain Lamprier , Marco Virgolin

Symbolic Regression (SR) is a regression method that aims to discover mathematical expressions that describe the relationship between variables, and it is often implemented through Genetic Programming, a metaphor for the process of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Guilherme Seidyo Imai Aldeia

Identifying the mathematical relationships that best describe a dataset remains a very challenging problem in machine learning, and is known as Symbolic Regression (SR). In contrast to neural networks which are often treated as black boxes,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Tony Tohme , Dehong Liu , Kamal Youcef-Toumi

[RETRACTED]Data increasingly abounds, but distilling their underlying relationships down to something interpretable remains challenging. One approach is genetic programming, which `symbolically regresses' a data set down into an equation.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Amanda Bertschinger , James Bagrow , Joshua Bongard

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising avenue for scientific discovery, yet their application to symbolic regression is often constrained by inefficient search strategies and coarse feedback signals. Current methods typically guide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Evgeny S. Saveliev , Samuel Holt , Nabeel Seedat , David L. Bentley , Jim Weatherall , Mihaela van der Schaar

Symbolic regression is a type of discrete optimization problem that involves searching expressions that fit given data points. In many cases, other mathematical constraints about the unknown expression not only provide more information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Li Li , Minjie Fan , Rishabh Singh , Patrick Riley

In symbolic regression, the goal is to find an analytical expression that accurately fits experimental data with the minimal use of mathematical symbols such as operators, variables, and constants. However, the combinatorial space of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Tommaso Bendinelli , Luca Biggio , Pierre-Alexandre Kamienny

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has led to a wide range of advances in sequential decision-making tasks. However, the complexity of neural network policies makes it difficult to understand and deploy with limited computational resources.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Jiaming Guo , Rui Zhang , Shaohui Peng , Qi Yi , Xing Hu , Ruizhi Chen , Zidong Du , Xishan Zhang , Ling Li , Qi Guo , Yunji Chen

Symbolic regression is the task of identifying a mathematical expression that best fits a provided dataset of input and output values. Due to the richness of the space of mathematical expressions, symbolic regression is generally a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Mojtaba Valipour , Bowen You , Maysum Panju , Ali Ghodsi

With the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources, growing demand variability, and evolving grid control strategies, accurate and efficient load modeling has become a critical yet challenging task. Traditional methods, such as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-11 Ding Lin , Han Guo , Jianhui Wang , Meng Yue , Tianqiao Zhao

Symbolic regression, a task discovering the formula best fitting the given data, is typically based on the heuristical search. These methods usually update candidate formulas to obtain new ones with lower prediction errors iteratively.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Zihan Yu , Jingtao Ding , Yong Li , Depeng Jin

Symbolic regression aims to discover human-interpretable equations that explain observational data. However, existing approaches rely heavily on discrete structure search (e.g., genetic programming), which often leads to high computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Fateme Memar , Tao Zhe , Dongjie Wang

Symbolic regression is an important but challenging research topic in data mining. It can detect the underlying mathematical models. Genetic programming (GP) is one of the most popular methods for symbolic regression. However, its…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-05-16 Chen Chen , Changtong Luo , Zonglin Jiang
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